Transposable Elements Flashcards
Transposable elements (TEs)
DNA that gets inserted into chromosomes (jumping genes)
Transposition can occur in what?
Bacteria, fungi, plants, &animals
What are the 3 pathways transposition can occur?
- Simple Transposition
- Replicative transposition
- Retrotransposition
Simple Transposition
Cuts & paste where no replication is needed
Replicative transposition
Replicated transposable elements (TE) & adds new TE
Retro transposition
Reverse transcription of TE & adds new TE
Simple Transposition
Insertion sequence makeup (transposase gene-enzyme for transposition)
Direct Repeats (DR)
Flanks entire TE & target for transposition
___________ involves transposase gene & resolvase gene (site-specific recombination)
Replicative transposition
Retrovirus
Contains RNA genome not DNA & reverse central dogma
Retrotransposons
Are long terminal repeats (LTR) & they relate to retroviruses & don’t make infectious viruses
Transposase Enzyme
Binds IR, brings ends together, forms a loop, removes TE & inserts TE somewhere else
Transposons causes mutation how?
- Insertion, deletion, inversion
- Chromosome breakage & rearrangement
- Change gene expression & regulation
- Gene duplication
- Exons shuffling
Selfish theory
About parasities
Advantage theory
Carry benetifical genes (antibiotic resistance) & increase genetic diversity
