Reproduction & chromosome transmission 4

Question 1

Reproduction

Answer 1

Biological Process where new cells or organisms are produced

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Are structures within living cells that contain the genetic material (Genes are located within chromosomes)

Question 3

Somatic Cells

Answer 3

Are any body cell that isn’t a gamete

Question 4

________________ chromosomes are inherited in sets

Answer 4

Eukaryotic

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Contains two chromosomes in each set

Question 6

The pair of chromosomes in a set are called __________

Answer 6

Homologs

Question 7

In a pair of chromosomes (2 chromosomes) one chromosomes comes from the ______ & the other from the _______ to makes it a pair which is why they are homologous pair because they are identical in size, shape, & banding pattern & contain the same genes

Answer 7

Dad, Mom

Question 8

The only difference between a homologous pair is that it may contain __________ of a genes since one comes from dad & other comes from mom

Answer 8

Allele

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

Different verison of a gene

Question 10

______________ are not homologous pairs

Answer 10

Sex chromosome (X & Y)

Question 11

Locus

Answer 11

Physical location of a gene

Question 12

Eukaroytic cells reproduce through the _______________

Answer 12

Cell Cycle

Question 13

When eukaryotic cells reproduce they produce _______________ cells that contain the same number & type of chromosomes as the mother cell

Answer 13

2 Daugther

Question 14

What are the phases of the cell cyle?

Answer 14

1. Gap phase (G₁ & G₂) (G Phase )
2. Synthesis (S phase)
3. Mitosis (M phase)

Question 15

What are the phases in interphase?

Answer 15

G₁, S, & G₂ Phase

Question 16

G₀ Phase

Answer 16

Non-dividing phase

Question 17

What is the order of the phases in the cell cyle?

Answer 17

G₁ —-> S —–> G₂ ——> M Phase

Question 18

In the G₁ Phase what happens?

Answer 18

A cell is prepared to divide & reach a restriction point before S phase

Question 19

After a cell past the restriction point what happens in the S phase?

Answer 19

The chromosomes are replicated & after its replicated the two copies are called chromatids where they are joined together at the centromere to make a sister chromatid (pair of chromatids)

Question 20

Unless it says ______ of chromosmes then a chromosomes is just one singular chromosome (not two)

Answer 20

Pair

Question 21

Unless it says ____________ a chromatid is just one singular chromatid (chromosome) not 2 just one

Answer 21

Suster Chromatids

Question 22

After the S phase what happens?

Answer 22

A cell has twice as many singular chromatids (Chromosomes) than it did in the G₁ phase

Question 23

During the G₂ Phase what happens?

Answer 23

A cell accumulates the materials needed for nuclear cell division

Question 24

What is the formula for a diploid cell ?

Answer 24

2n (n = # of chromosomes)

Question 25

What happens in the M phase?

Answer 25

The sister chromatids (replicated chromosomes) are distributed into two cell nucleus so that daughter cell recieves the same amount of sister chromatids (Chromosome pairs)

Question 26

After Mitosis ___________ occurs where the cell completely divides to form two daugther cells

Answer 26

Cytokinesis

Question 27

What are the phases of Mitosis?

Answer 27

1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase

Question 28

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 28

The pairs of sister chromatids align in the middle of the cell along the metaphase plate from head to tail in a single row where the homologous pair dont pair up with its similar sister chromatid

Question 29

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 29

The centromere between the sister chromatids is broken & the individual chromosome (chromatid) goes to its independent dell

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ produces two new diploid cells (Somatic Cell)

Answer 30

Mitosis

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

Produces two new diploid cells

Question 32

Cytokinesis

Answer 32

Splits the cell into 2 new dipliod cells (in mitosis)

Question 33

Meiosis

Answer 33

1st Produces four haploid cells (Sex cells)

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contains one chromsome per set instead of two

Answer 34

Gametes (haploid cells)

Question 35

What are the two cell divisions of meiosis?

Answer 35

1. Meiosis 1 2. Meiosis 2

Question 36

What are the phase in Meosis 1 & 2 ?

Answer 36

1. Prophase 1 (2) 2. Prometaphase 1 (2) 3. Metaphase 1(2) 4. Anaphase 1 (2) 5. Telophase 1 (2)

Question 37

What happens during metaphase 1 in meiosis 1?

Answer 37

The pair of chromsome (sister chromatids) are randomly align in the metaphase plate in a double row where the homologous pair of each sister chromatid is next to each other (side by side)

Question 38

What happens during Anaphase 1 in meiosis 1?

Answer 38

The two pairs of sister chromatids seperate where each pair of sister chromatids goes to their side on the pole

Question 39

After meiosis 1 what happens?

Answer 39

Meiosis 2 occurs where those independent sister chromatids are align in the middle of the cell in a single row from head to tail (like mitosis) & seperate where each singular chromatids goes to its individual pole

Question 40

What is the first difference between Mitosis & Meiosis?

Answer 40

The difference between Mitosis & Meiosis is that Meiosis has 2 cell division Mitosis has 1, Mitosis produce diploid cell (2 diploid) meiosis produce haploid cells (4 haploid)

Question 41

What is the 2nd difference Mitosis & Meiosis?

Answer 41

The two diploid cells that are produced from Mitosis are clones & the 4 haploid cells produce form Meiosis are not identical & crossing over an occur in meiosis to give recombinant genes which can't happen mitosis