Carbohydrates (part of the aldehyde & ketone test) Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Are simple sugars
What are the two types of simple sugar?
- Glucose
- Fructose
Glucose is what type of sugar?
Aldose (contains an aldehyde)
Fructose is what type of sugar?
Ketose (contains a ketone)
What are the two classifications of sugars (monosaccharides)?
- Aldoses
- Ketose
The suffix ______ use to identify a carbohydrate
“ose” (ex. glucose)
Aldoses contain what?
Aldehyde
Ketose contains what?
Ketones
Aldoses & ketose can be further classified based on the # of ________ they have using tri, tetr, pent, hex, etc
Carbon atoms (ex. an aldopentose) (glucose)
What are the 3 descriptions used to identify carbohydrates?
- Aldo or keto prefix- to indicate if the compound has aldehyde or ketone
- Tri, tetr, pent, hex, ect to indicate # of carbon
- “ose’ suffix to indicate it’s a carbohydrate
Carbohydrates a _________ when the last carbon in the fischer projection has the OH on the right
D- sugar (ex. D-glucose) (D usually stand for dextrorotatory)
Carbohydrates are ________ when the last carbon in the fischer projection has the OH on the left side
L-sugar (ex. L-glucose) (L usually stands for levorotatory)
L-sugars are ______ of D- sugars
Enantiomers
When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with 1 equivalent of alcohol it forms an __________
Hemiacetal (equilibrium doesn’t favor the unstable hemiacetal)
Whenever a carbonyl group & a hydroxyl group is present a in a compound then a stable ______ is formed
Cyclic hemiacetal (equilibrium favors the formation of the cyclic acetal (product))