History & Basic Concept Flashcards
A zygote goes through DNA development to form an _______
Embryo
Fertilization results in a single cell called a ________
Zygote
Why Study Development?
Because of birth defects where 5% of people have defects causes by mutations or environment
A zygote contains what?
A nucleus from the sperm (dad) & nucleus from the egg (mom)
Regeneration & Cancer
Focus on stems to make new organs in fetus or make new organs in adults after an injury
Regeneration
Stem cells used to make new organs in adults after an injury
Developmental biology
Includes embryogenesis - zygote turning into an embryo
________ occurs during post-embryonic
Growth
_____________ occurs during larve or juvenile
Metamorphesis
_______/______ occurs during adult hood
Maintenance/ Aging
_____________ occurs during adulthood
Regeneration
Preformation
Is the belief that the embryo was already fully developed
__________ theory states cells are a basic unit of life where the zygote has one cell, an embryo has many cells, & an organism is made up of groups of cells
Cell theory
Cell theory helped so that development is based on _________
Epigenesis (Not preformation)
August Weismann discovered that __________ involved with heredity
Germ cells
How did August Weismann discover germs cell involved with heredity?
By using sea Urchins where it was shown that the nucleus contains heredity
Cells become different either by the _______ or _______ hypothesis
Mosaic or Regulate hypothesis
Mosaic Hypothesis
Cells fate predetermined by the egg before feralization where the factors are in the cytoplasm such as proteins, RNA, & its asymmetrical
Predetermine asymmetry leads to division which leads to ___________
Differentiation
What was used to test the mosaic hypothesis?
Used frog egg where they used a hot needle on the left side n killed the left side but the right side still developed normally, they realized that the cell is not affected by its surrounding
What happened when testing mosaic hypothesis on sea urchins?
Found out that the cells of sea urchins separate & are affected by their surroundings which resulted in small animals because lost half of embryo so the sea urchin develops under regulation hypothesis (development)