Population genetics Flashcards
Population genetics
Concerned with changes in genetic variation within a group of individuals over time
Gene pool
All alleles of every gene in a population (all alleles for a gene in a population)
Population
A group of interbreeding individual that share a gene pool (Same species interbreeding)
Population is ___________ because they may change size, location, genetic makeup
Dynamic
In population ____________ genes are rare but ______________ genes are common
Monomorphic, Polymorphic
Polymorphism (polymorphic genes)
When one gene displays many different phenotypes (phenotype variation) in a population
Monomorphic genes
When one gene display one phenotype within a population
Allele frequency formula
Allele freq. : # of copies of an allele in a population/ total # of all alleles for that gene in a population
Genotype freq. formula
Genotype freq. : # of individuals with a particular genotype in a population / total # of individuals in a population
Whether its allele frequency or genotype frequency they add up to _______
1 (100%)
The ___________________ equation can be used to calculate genotype frequencies base on alleles frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg equation
Hardy - Weinberg Equilibrium
The allele & genotype frequencies don’t change over generations (Basically says that evolution change is not occuring)(Would be the null hypothesis)
Hard- Weinberg equation
A2+ 2Aa + a2 = 1 (A- Big allele, a- little allele, 2Aa - big & little allele)
_____________ can be used to detect evolutionary change
Hardy-Weinberg
Can use a __________ to determine whether or not a population exhibits hardy-weinberg equilibrium for a gene, where if a population is not in equilibrium then means evolution has occur
Chi square test
