Mendel inheritance 3 Flashcards
Mendel chose __________ as his experimental organism
Pea plants
Gamete (haploid cells)
Haploid cells that can unite with another gamete to form a zygote (diploid)
Trait
Describes the specific properties of a character (Ex. blue eye color is a triat)
Character
General characteristic of an organism (Ex. eye color is a charatcer of human)
Breed true
Means that trait don’t change from one generation to the next (Ex. If a pea plant has yellow seeds the next generation will have yellow seeds)
True breeding line
Produce the same traits for every generation
3:1 ratio
The common ratio when crossing between different genes (3 dominant genes are expressed & one recessive genes is expressed)
Mendel 3:1 phenotype ratio consistent with _______________
Law of segregation
Allele
A different form of the same gene
Mendel’s law of segregation
States that the two copies of a gene segregate (seperate) from each other during transmission from parent to offspring
(Since there is a pair of chromosome each chromatid within the pair contains the same version of a gene or different version of the same gene (allele))
___________________ results in only one copy of a gene in a gamete (haploid) which can cause the dominant \ recessive traits formed when the gamete is turned into a zygote (daploid cell)
Mendel’s law of segregation
Homozygous
When an individual has two identical copies of a gene (Ex. A person has 2 dominant gene or 2 recessive genes)
Heterozygous
An individual carries one different version of the same gene (Ex. Carry a dominant & recessive version of that gene) (Tt- dominant & recessive gene)
Genotype
The type of gene an individual has (Ex. Tt or TT, etc)
Phenotype
The observed traits of an individual
_______________ predicts that the phenotype of an individual will be in a 3:1 ratio (3-dominant & 1-recessive gene if the parent are heterzygous)
Mendel’s law of segregation
A _______________ can be used to predict the outcome of a cross (or self-fertilization) experiment
Punnett Square
To make a punnett square you need to know what?
The genotype of each parent
The phenotype expressed (seen) is dependent on what gene?
Dominanat gene
Nonparental genes
Genes that are not the same as either one of the parent genes
Mendel’s two factor crosses (crossing between two different genes with different alleles) led to what ?
The law of independent assortment
Mendel’s law of independent assortment
States that two different genes randomly assort (combine) their alleles during the formation of a haploid cell
When two dfiiferent genes (with different alleles) are crossed what ratio is usually predicted?
9:3:3:1 ratio
A ___________ can be used to predict the offspring from independent assortment problems
A punnett Square
