Analyzing the structure & function of genes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

DNA Cloning

A

Cloning a certain gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____________ cut DNA molecules at specific sites

A

Restriction enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Restriction Enzymes(restriction nucleases)

A

Cut the DNA strand at a specific nucleotide sequence & prevent the transfer of DNA between strains of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____________ seperates DNA fragments that are left after the restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand (can be separted by size)

A

Gel electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Once the ________ has been cut the fragments are loaded onto the gel on the negative charges side & when a voltage is applied to the gel the negative charged DNA strand moves towards the positive end of the gel & eventually the DNA fragments are spread out through the gel in groups based on sized (looks like a ladder)

A

DNA Strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To ________ the certain fragments of DNA its removed from the gel by a scapel

A

Isolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__________ begins with the production of recombinant DNA

A

DNA cloning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Is a DNA molecule that contains a combination of nucleotide sequences from other individual DNA molecules (The restriction enzymes cut the two individuals DNA molecules at a certain nucleotide sequences and the DNA ligase join the two different DNA molecules to together to form the recombinant DNA molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____________ is the result of the two different DNA fragment joining together by DNA ligase gluing the fragments together

A

Recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plasmid

A

Carry the DNA fragments that are supposed to be cloned (They are circular double-stranded DNA cloning vectors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The _________ contains its own replication origin which allows it to replicate in bacterial cells where the certain recombinant fragments will be produced in large amounts

A

Plasmid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ________ can also be cut open to allow the insertion of other DNA fragments (They are cut open by a restriction enzyme at a single site)

A

Plasmid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A fragment of the ___________ is attached / linked to the plasmids to be copied (Attached by the DNA ligase)

A

Recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A recombinant DNA can be copied inside a __________

A

Bacteria Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An entire genome can be represented in a ___________

A

DNA Library

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA Library

A

Collection of cloned DNA fragment in bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genomic Library

A

A collecction of all the different genes that make the whole genome

18
Q

cDNA Library

A

Contains the DNA copied from the mRNA

19
Q

Complementary DNA (cDNA)

A

Is formed by the reverse transcriptase enzymes & the DNA polymerase where it is a complementary starnd to the mRNA

20
Q

cDNA is made from _________

A

mRNA

21
Q

__________ clones are made from fragment of the gene & also contains introns (noncoding DNA strands)

A

Genomic DNA

22
Q

____________ clones are made from mRNA so they contain extrons that are used to produce proteins

A

cDNA

23
Q

__________ provides a sensitive way to detect specific nucleotide sequences

A

Hybridization

24
Q

DNA denturation

A

Process where the hydrogen bonds are broken & the DNA strands are seperated from one around (Done by heating DNA strand)

25
Q

DNA renaturation (Hybridization)

A

Process where the the two seperate DNA strands join back together reforming their hydrogen bind base - pairs

26
Q

___________ can be used for detecting any nucleotides sequences by using a probe that has complementary base-pairs to the wanted nucleotide sequences (for both DNA & RNA)

A

Hybridization

27
Q

_________ & ________ libraries are used to clone large gene & need bacteria to copy genes

A

Genomic & cDNA

28
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

A better way of cloning genes & RNA & copied in test tubes

29
Q

________ uses DNA polymerase & specific DNA primers to make (amplifying ) DNA sequences in a test tubes

A

PCR

30
Q

For ______ to work it needs DNA hybridization to select certain nucleotide sequences & DNA ploymerase to copy that strand

A

PCR

31
Q

The ___________ need a primer to start & the PCR also directs the polymerase to the right nucleotide sequence

A

DNA polymerase

32
Q

_______ occurs in cycles where to start each cylce the two strands of the double - stranded DNA template are seperated & the primer is hybridized & the DNA polymerase then replicate the strand

A

PCR

33
Q

_______ is used for cloning short DNA fragments or RNA which it can result in obtaining either a genomic clone or a cDNA clone of mRNA & doesnt need a library for cloning

A

PCR

34
Q

The ________ dimers direct the cloning process of the certain DNA fragments in a test tube

A

PCR

35
Q

______ can be used for diagnostic & forenstic application (can be used to detect infection, track epdiemics, forensic investigation, etc)

A

PCR

36
Q

_________ can be used to detect the presence of a viral genome in a sample of blood

A

PCR

37
Q

__________ depends on the analysis of DNA chains terminated at every position

A

Dideoxy sequencing

38
Q

Dideoxy Sequencing (Sanger Sequencing)

A

Uses DNA polymerase along with dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate

39
Q

Dideoxyribonucleotide triphosphate

A

Are special chain terminating nucleotide & it make partial copies of the DNA fragment to be sequenced & produced a collection of different DNA copies that are terminated at every position in the orginal DNA sequence

40
Q

The _________ method of sequencing DNA relies on chain terminating dideoxynucleotide triphosphate (ddNTPs)

A

Dideoxy

41
Q

Automated ___________ relied on a set of four ddNTPs each bearing a uniquely flourescent tag

A

Dideoxy