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Biology > Intracellular compartment & protein transport > Flashcards

Intracellular compartment & protein transport Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ cells contain a basic set of membrane - enclosed organelles

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

The ________ is the most prominent organelle in cells & is surrounded by the nuclear envelope & communitcates through its nuclear pore

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

The ____________ is the main place where new membranes are formed in the cell

A

Endoplasmic Retriculum (ER)

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4
Q

The ___________ receives proteins & lipids from the ER & modifies them & transfer thme to the desire place

A

Gogi Apparatus

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5
Q

__________ & the __________ are both the place where oxidative phosphorylation & photosynthesis occur & produce ATP

A

Mitochondria & the chloroplast

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6
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Consist of the ER, gogi apparatus, peroxisomes, endosomes, & lysosomes

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7
Q

What are the three ways proteins are transported into organelles?

A
  1. Proteins moving from the cytosol to the nucleus are transfered through the nuclear pores
  2. Proteins moving from the cytosol to the ER, mitchondria, or chlorplast are transported by protein translocators
  3. Proteins moving from the ER or from one part of the endomembrane system to another are transported by transport vesicles
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8
Q

The organelle that a protein is delivered to depends on its ___________ (which contains sorting signals to tell where the protein needs to be)

A

Amino Acid Sequence

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9
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Are small organelles that contain enzymes that break down lipids & destroy toxic molecules which produces H2O2

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10
Q

__________ direct proteins to the correct organelle

A

Singal Sequences

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Encloses the nucleus & defines the nucleus

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12
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Form gates within the nucleus envelope and allow molecules in or out the nucleus

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13
Q

Nuclear localization signal

A

The singal sequence that directs a proteins from the cytosol into the nucleus

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14
Q

Nuclear import receptors

A

Recognize the nuclear localization singal & helps direct the protein to a nuclear pore & into the nucleus

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15
Q

Proteins ________ to enter the mitochondria & chloroplast

A

Unfold

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16
Q

____________ proteins help pull the proteins through the outer & inner membranes of the mitochondria or chloroplast & fold the proteins back up once inside

A

Chaperone

17
Q

Proteins enter peroxisomes from both the ___________ & the _________

A

Cytosol & the ER

18
Q

Peroxisomes are packed with ___________ that digest toxins & synthsize certain phospholipids

A

Enzymes

19
Q

What are the two types of proteins that are transferred from the cystosol to the ER?

A
  1. Water soluble proteins
  2. Prospective transmembrane proteins
20
Q

What are the two types of proteins that help guide the ER sginal sequences to the ER membrane?

A
  1. Signal -recognition particle (SRP)
  2. An SRP receptor
21
Q

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

A

Binds both the ribosome & the ER signal sequence

22
Q

An SRP Receptor

A

Recognizes the SRP

23
Q

________ & _______ signals determine the arrangment of a transmembrane proteins in the lipid bilayer

A

Start & Stop

24
Q

___________ carry soluble proteins& membrane between organelles

A

Transport Vesicles

25
Q

___________ allows materials to exit / enter the cell by endocytosis or exocytosis

A

Vesicular Transport

26
Q

Vesicles budding is driven by the assembly of a ____________

A

Protein Coat

27
Q

Coated vesicles

A

Vesicles that have a protein coat

28
Q

Rab Proteins

A

Proteins on the vesicles that get recognized for the vesicle to fuse

29
Q

Tethering proteins

A

Recognize the rab proteins

30
Q

SNAREs (v- SNAREs)

A

Firmly docks the vesicles in place & catalyze the membrane fusion

31
Q

Unfolded proteins response (UPR)

A

Allows the cell to adjust the size of the ER to properly handle the volume of proteins entering

32
Q

___________ are released from the cell by exocytosis

A

Secretory Proteins

33
Q

Secretory Vesicles

A

Comes from the gogi appartus & are destined near the plasma membrane & relase their contents into the exterior of the cell

34
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A
  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
35
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Involves the ingestion of fluid & molecules

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Involves the ingestion of large particles

37
Q

Phagocytosis cells

A

Defend us against inflection by ingesting invading microorganisms

38
Q

Fluid & macromolecules are taken up by ___________

A

Pinocytosis

39
Q

__________ are the main place where intracellular digestion occurs

A

Lysosomes

Biology (64 decks)

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