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Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between Starch, Cellulose, & Glycogen is how their bonds are between the _____________

A

Glucose molecule

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2
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The process of breaking something with water ( Awater molecule is inserted into th ebond between two monomers which causes the bond to break & monomers are free)

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3
Q

Seconf feature Monosaccadries have in common?

A

Hydroxyl groups (-OH) attactched to every carbon but one

The hydroxyl group make the sugar polar which makes it dissolves easily

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4
Q

Polysaccharides are also different based on how their ___________are strung together

A

Monosaccharides (Ex. Fiber & cellulose cant be broken down in human body & passed thru as waste but Glycogen can be easily broken down)

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5
Q

Startch & Celluose are made by plants & are _____ of glucose

A

Polymers

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6
Q

Monomer

A

Building block a polymer is made of

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7
Q

Carbohydrates are important for __________

A

Extracelluar Molecules (Polysaccharides are major compnents of the sticky matrix that surrounds the cell)

Help bacteria staick to the surface & help anaimals cells attach to each other

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8
Q

Carbohdyrates are known for what?

A

Providing energy to the body

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9
Q

In watery environment of the cells, monosaccahardies covert to what shae?

A

Rings- Shapped

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10
Q

Carbohydrates are important for ________ for cells

A

Energy Source, monosaccharides glucose is used energy source for amlost cells

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11
Q

Polymer are made by stringing together ______ to form a long chain where each monomer is added, ______ & ______ are removed from the monomer & the chain

A

Monomer, two hydrogen & an oxygen

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12
Q

Glucose molecule in Cellulose are joined by what bond?

A

ß-1,4-glycosidic linkage

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13
Q

Hydrogen & oxygen form what during the process of adding a monomer

A

Form Water

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14
Q

To make polysaccharides, _____ are joined together by _______

A

Monosaccharides, Condensation

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15
Q

Polymer can be broken back down into individual monomers by what?

A

Hydrolysis

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16
Q

Polysaccaharides

A

Are polymers of monosaccharides

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17
Q

Non-polar molecules are called what?

A

Are called Hydrophobic molecules (Fear water)

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18
Q

Glycogen are made by animal cells & are _______ of glucose

A

polymers

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19
Q

Monosaccaharides

A

(Simple Sugars) are single sugars where its usual formula is: CH2O (Ex. Glucose & Fructose)

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20
Q

Third common feature monosaccahadries have are what?

A

One doubles bonded oxygen attached to a carbon backbone (Carbonyl Group- Double bonded oxygen attached to a carbon)

If the Carbonyl group is attached at the end then its called- aldose & if attached in the middle its called- ketose)

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21
Q

Glucose molecule in Starch are joined with a bond called what?

A

a-1,4-glycosidic linkage

22
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

Short chain of monosaccharides (Part of the receptors in the plasa membrane)

23
Q

Polysaccharides are determined by what?

A

The number of monosaccharides in the chain

24
Q

Human enzymes can break down __________ linkages & __________ linkage but not ________ linkages

A

a-1,4-glycosidic linkage & a-1,6-glycosidic linkage but not ß-1,4-glycosidic linkage

25
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long chain of monosaccharides (Ex. Starch-found in bread, pasta, etc & Celluose- fiber)

26
Q

4 Types of macromolecules

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Nucleic Acids
  4. Lipids
27
Q

Reason why human can digest Starch but not Cellulose is because human _______ can break some ____________

but not all

A

Enzymes, glycosidc linkage

28
Q

Polymers

A

Long repetitive molecule

29
Q

Carbohydratees are important ___________ for cells

A

Structural molecules (Polysaccharides are major components of cell wlals of plants, algae, fungi, & bacteria)

30
Q

One feature that monosaccharides have in common?

A

A backbone of 3,4,5,6,7 Carbons (Sugar is based on the number of carbons it has)

Trioses- 3Cs, Tetroses-4Cs, Pentose-5Cs, Hexose-6 Carbons, Heptose-7Cs

31
Q

At every tenth glucose molecule, a branch is joined to the main backbone of glycogen by what bond?

A

a-1,6-glycosidic Linkage

32
Q

Carbohyrates are important for ______ cells

A

Indentofying cells (Surface of cells are marked with glycoproteins- molecules of proteins that have sugar attached)

Different cells have different glycoprotiens marking them (Liver cellsare marked with liver cells, heart cells marked with heart cells, etc)

33
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls, its a polymer of two alternating monosaccharides (N-Acetylglucosamine & N-Acetylmuramic)

34
Q

The type of glycosidic linkage between monosaccharides is important for determing ________ & _________ of polysaccharides

A

Structure & Function

35
Q

What are two monosaccharides with the same atoms but different structure called?

36
Q

Chitin found in insects is a polymer of ___________(Nitrogen -Containing Monosaccharide)

A

N-Acetylglucosamine

37
Q

Macromolecules

A

Are large molecules

38
Q

Disaccharides

A

Are chains of two monosaccharides

39
Q

Many Cells Store Matter & Energy in the form of what?

A

Polysaccharides (Plants, Algae, & Bacteria store energy in Starch, Animals & Bacteria store energy in glycogen)

40
Q

Pure water pH level is what?

A

7-Which is neutral

41
Q

Out of the 4 types of macromolecules _____ have the most hydroxyl groups attached to their carbon atoms

A

Carbohydrates

42
Q

What are the two main types of Carbohydrates?

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Polysaccharides
43
Q

Cell wall of plants & algae contain ______, fungi cell wall contain ______, & bacteria cell contain __________

A

Cellulose, Chitin, & Peptidoglycan

44
Q

Buffers are what?

A

Resist changes to pH from the effects of the acid or base (Can either release hydrogen ions or remove hydrogen ions)

45
Q

The bonds between monosaccharides are called what?

A

Glycosidic Linkages

46
Q

Many Cell Types Produce ____________

A

Polysaccharides

47
Q

When water is formed when a monomer is added the reaction is called?

A

Condensation

48
Q

Polar molecules are called what?

A

Are called hydrophilic molecules (Love water)

49
Q

Hydrophobic reaction is what?

A

Non-polar molecule with water

50
Q

Carbohydrates are made of what?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen

Biology (64 decks)

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