Carbohydrates

Question 1

Difference between Starch, Cellulose, & Glycogen is how their bonds are between the _____________

Answer 1

Glucose molecule

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

The process of breaking something with water ( Awater molecule is inserted into th ebond between two monomers which causes the bond to break & monomers are free)

Question 3

Seconf feature Monosaccadries have in common?

Answer 3

Hydroxyl groups (-OH) attactched to every carbon but one

The hydroxyl group make the sugar polar which makes it dissolves easily

Question 4

Polysaccharides are also different based on how their ___________are strung together

Answer 4

Monosaccharides (Ex. Fiber & cellulose cant be broken down in human body & passed thru as waste but Glycogen can be easily broken down)

Question 5

Startch & Celluose are made by plants & are _____ of glucose

Answer 5

Polymers

Question 6

Monomer

Answer 6

Building block a polymer is made of

Question 7

Carbohydrates are important for __________

Answer 7

Extracelluar Molecules (Polysaccharides are major compnents of the sticky matrix that surrounds the cell)

Help bacteria staick to the surface & help anaimals cells attach to each other

Question 8

Carbohdyrates are known for what?

Answer 8

Providing energy to the body

Question 9

In watery environment of the cells, monosaccahardies covert to what shae?

Answer 9

Rings- Shapped

Question 10

Carbohydrates are important for ________ for cells

Answer 10

Energy Source, monosaccharides glucose is used energy source for amlost cells

Question 11

Polymer are made by stringing together ______ to form a long chain where each monomer is added, ______ & ______ are removed from the monomer & the chain

Answer 11

Monomer, two hydrogen & an oxygen

Question 12

Glucose molecule in Cellulose are joined by what bond?

Answer 12

ß-1,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 13

Hydrogen & oxygen form what during the process of adding a monomer

Answer 13

Form Water

Question 14

To make polysaccharides, _____ are joined together by _______

Answer 14

Monosaccharides, Condensation

Question 15

Polymer can be broken back down into individual monomers by what?

Answer 15

Hydrolysis

Question 16

Polysaccaharides

Answer 16

Are polymers of monosaccharides

Question 17

Non-polar molecules are called what?

Answer 17

Are called Hydrophobic molecules (Fear water)

Question 18

Glycogen are made by animal cells & are _______ of glucose

Answer 18

polymers

Question 19

Monosaccaharides

Answer 19

(Simple Sugars) are single sugars where its usual formula is: CH₂O (Ex. Glucose & Fructose)

Question 20

Third common feature monosaccahadries have are what?

Answer 20

One doubles bonded oxygen attached to a carbon backbone (Carbonyl Group- Double bonded oxygen attached to a carbon)

If the Carbonyl group is attached at the end then its called- aldose & if attached in the middle its called- ketose)

Question 21

Glucose molecule in Starch are joined with a bond called what?

Answer 21

a-1,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 22

Oligosaccharides

Answer 22

Short chain of monosaccharides (Part of the receptors in the plasa membrane)

Question 23

Polysaccharides are determined by what?

Answer 23

The number of monosaccharides in the chain

Question 24

Human enzymes can break down __________ linkages & __________ linkage but not ________ linkages

Answer 24

a-1,4-glycosidic linkage & a-1,6-glycosidic linkage but not ß-1,4-glycosidic linkage

Question 25

Polysaccharides

Answer 25

Long chain of monosaccharides (Ex. Starch-found in bread, pasta, etc & Celluose- fiber)

Question 26

4 Types of macromolecules

Answer 26

1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Lipids

Question 27

Reason why human can digest Starch but not Cellulose is because human _______ can break some \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ but not all

Answer 27

Enzymes, glycosidc linkage

Question 28

Polymers

Answer 28

Long repetitive molecule

Question 29

Carbohydratees are important ___________ for cells

Answer 29

Structural molecules (Polysaccharides are major components of cell wlals of plants, algae, fungi, & bacteria)

Question 30

One feature that monosaccharides have in common?

Answer 30

A backbone of 3,4,5,6,7 Carbons (Sugar is based on the number of carbons it has) Trioses- 3Cs, Tetroses-4Cs, Pentose-5Cs, Hexose-6 Carbons, Heptose-7Cs

Question 31

At every tenth glucose molecule, a branch is joined to the main backbone of glycogen by what bond?

Answer 31

a-1,6-glycosidic Linkage

Question 32

Carbohyrates are important for ______ cells

Answer 32

Indentofying cells (Surface of cells are marked with glycoproteins- molecules of proteins that have sugar attached) Different cells have different glycoprotiens marking them (Liver cellsare marked with liver cells, heart cells marked with heart cells, etc)

Question 33

Peptidoglycan

Answer 33

Polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls, its a polymer of two alternating monosaccharides (N-Acetylglucosamine & N-Acetylmuramic)

Question 34

The type of glycosidic linkage between monosaccharides is important for determing ________ & _________ of polysaccharides

Answer 34

Structure & Function

Question 35

What are two monosaccharides with the same atoms but different structure called?

Answer 35

Isomers

Question 36

Chitin found in insects is a polymer of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(Nitrogen -Containing Monosaccharide)

Answer 36

N-Acetylglucosamine

Question 37

Macromolecules

Answer 37

Are large molecules

Question 38

Disaccharides

Answer 38

Are chains of two monosaccharides

Question 39

Many Cells Store Matter & Energy in the form of what?

Answer 39

Polysaccharides (Plants, Algae, & Bacteria store energy in Starch, Animals & Bacteria store energy in glycogen)

Question 40

Pure water pH level is what?

Answer 40

7-Which is neutral

Question 41

Out of the 4 types of macromolecules _____ have the most hydroxyl groups attached to their carbon atoms

Answer 41

Carbohydrates

Question 42

What are the two main types of Carbohydrates?

Answer 42

1. Monosaccharides 2. Polysaccharides

Question 43

Cell wall of plants & algae contain \_\_\_\_\_\_, fungi cell wall contain \_\_\_\_\_\_, & bacteria cell contain \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

Cellulose, Chitin, & Peptidoglycan

Question 44

Buffers are what?

Answer 44

Resist changes to pH from the effects of the acid or base (Can either release hydrogen ions or remove hydrogen ions)

Question 45

The bonds between monosaccharides are called what?

Answer 45

Glycosidic Linkages

Question 46

Many Cell Types Produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

Polysaccharides

Question 47

When water is formed when a monomer is added the reaction is called?

Answer 47

Condensation

Question 48

Polar molecules are called what?

Answer 48

Are called hydrophilic molecules (Love water)

Question 49

Hydrophobic reaction is what?

Answer 49

Non-polar molecule with water

Question 50

Carbohydrates are made of what?

Answer 50

Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen