Cell Signaling Flashcards
An ____________ signal is converted into an ____________ signal
Extracellular, Intracellular
Receptors
Is where the signal molecules (ligand) binds to
___________ requries intracellular signaling molecules where the signal is brought into the cell
Signal Transduction
Cascade
The amplifying of the signal by activating mulitple intracelluar molecules in each round
__________ within an intracellular signaling pathway can adjust the response to an extracellular signal
Feedback regulation
What are the different types of signaling?
- Endocrine Signaling
- Paracrine & Autocrine Signaling
- Synaptic Signaling
- Contact - dependent signaling
Hormones
Travel through the bloodstream to cells at a distance
Paracrine
Cells signal to neighboring cells (short distance)
Autocrine
Cells signal to themselves
___________ can mediate long - response signals
Localized neurotransmitters
___________ signaling molecules can cross membranes
Hydrophobic
Steriod Hormones
Are derivatives of chlestrol (hydrophobic)
____________ get activated by changing shape & directly affect target gene transcription
Nuclear receptors
What are the different types of cell - surface receptors?
- Ion-channel - coupled receptors
- Enzyme - Coupled receptors
- G-proteins - coupled receptors (GPCRs)
___________ molecules indcues a conformational change in the receptor which allows select ions to cross the membrane
Signal