Urinary Tract Infection

Question 1

What organism is responsible for is responsible for 80 – 90% of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

Answer 1

E. coli

Question 2

Bacteruria

Answer 2

Bacteria in the urine

Question 3

Cystitis

Answer 3

Infection of the bladder characterized by dysuria, frequency, urgency and suprapubic pain

Question 4

Urethritis

Answer 4

Infection confined to urethra and characterized by dysuria and mucoid or purulent discharge from the urethral meatus

Question 5

Pyelonephritis

Answer 5

Infection in kidney characterized by flank pain/tenderness and fever, often associated with dysuria, urgency and frequency

Question 6

What is the most common route of infection for a UTI?

Answer 6

Ascending – Gut flora reach bladder via urethra

Question 7

What is the main microbial virulence factor in the pathogenesis of UTIs?

Answer 7

Adherence factors – pili or fimbriae

Question 8

PAP (P fimbriae)

Answer 8

P blood group antigens. Recognizes

digalactoside determinants on human erythrocytes and urothelium.

Question 9

What are some risk factors for UTIs?

Answer 9

• Frequency of sexual intercourse
• Use of spermicide-containing contraceptive
• Catheter
• Pregnancy

Question 10

Neonates - which gender is affected more with UTIs?

Answer 10

Males

Question 11

Children and Adults - which gender is affected more with UTIs?

Answer 11

Females

Question 12

Elderly - which gender is affected more with UTIs?

Answer 12

Males and females the same

Question 13

What are the clinical features of cystitis?

Answer 13

• Acute onset dysuria, urgency, frequency
• Suprapubic pain and tenderness
• Young sexually active women
• Hematuria – 50%
• Pyuria

Question 14

What are the major organisms that cause

Answer 14

E.coli
S.saprophyticus
Proteus species
Klebsiella species

Question 15

What are the major organisms that cause urethritis?

Answer 15

N.gonorrhoeae

C. trachomatis

Question 16

What are the major organisms that cause vaginitis?

Answer 16

Candida
Trichomonasvaginalis
Normal vaginal flora (BV)

Question 17

Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Cystitis?

Answer 17

Dysuria - Internal
Pyuria - Usually
Hematuria - Sometimes

Question 18

Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Urethritis?

Answer 18

Dysuria - Internal
Pyuria - Usually
Hematuria - Rarely

Question 19

Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Vaginitis?

Answer 19

Dysuria - External
Pyuria - Rarely
Hematuria - Rarely

Question 20

What is the most frequent type of prostatitis?

Answer 20

Non-bacterial

Question 21

What population is suprapubic aspiration often done on?

Answer 21

Neonates

Question 22

What does leukocyte esterase indicate?

Answer 22

Pyuria

Question 23

What does nitrite indicate?

Answer 23

Detects action of bacterial nitrate reductase on urinary nitrates

Question 24

What is the protocol for UTI treatment?

Answer 24

• Treat symptomatic patients regardless of age

Question 25

What is the typical antibiotic treatment period for acute cystitis?

Answer 25

3-5 days

Question 26

What is the typical antibiotic treatment period for pyelonephritis?

Answer 26

5-7 days

Question 27

What is the most important risk for catheters?

Answer 27

Duration of use