Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
What organism is responsible for is responsible for 80 – 90% of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?
E. coli
Bacteruria
Bacteria in the urine
Cystitis
Infection of the bladder characterized by dysuria, frequency, urgency and suprapubic pain
Urethritis
Infection confined to urethra and characterized by dysuria and mucoid or purulent discharge from the urethral meatus
Pyelonephritis
Infection in kidney characterized by flank pain/tenderness and fever, often associated with dysuria, urgency and frequency
What is the most common route of infection for a UTI?
Ascending – Gut flora reach bladder via urethra
What is the main microbial virulence factor in the pathogenesis of UTIs?
Adherence factors – pili or fimbriae
PAP (P fimbriae)
P blood group antigens. Recognizes
digalactoside determinants on human erythrocytes and urothelium.
What are some risk factors for UTIs?
- Frequency of sexual intercourse
- Use of spermicide-containing contraceptive
- Catheter
- Pregnancy
Neonates - which gender is affected more with UTIs?
Males
Children and Adults - which gender is affected more with UTIs?
Females
Elderly - which gender is affected more with UTIs?
Males and females the same
What are the clinical features of cystitis?
- Acute onset dysuria, urgency, frequency
- Suprapubic pain and tenderness
- Young sexually active women
- Hematuria – 50%
- Pyuria
What are the major organisms that cause
E.coli
S.saprophyticus
Proteus species
Klebsiella species
What are the major organisms that cause urethritis?
N.gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis
What are the major organisms that cause vaginitis?
Candida
Trichomonasvaginalis
Normal vaginal flora (BV)
Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Cystitis?
Dysuria - Internal
Pyuria - Usually
Hematuria - Sometimes
Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Urethritis?
Dysuria - Internal
Pyuria - Usually
Hematuria - Rarely
Dysuria
Pyuria
Hematuria
for Vaginitis?
Dysuria - External
Pyuria - Rarely
Hematuria - Rarely
What is the most frequent type of prostatitis?
Non-bacterial
What population is suprapubic aspiration often done on?
Neonates
What does leukocyte esterase indicate?
Pyuria
What does nitrite indicate?
Detects action of bacterial nitrate reductase on urinary nitrates
What is the protocol for UTI treatment?
• Treat symptomatic patients regardless of age
What is the typical antibiotic treatment period for acute cystitis?
3-5 days
What is the typical antibiotic treatment period for pyelonephritis?
5-7 days
What is the most important risk for catheters?
Duration of use
