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► Med - Pathology > Pseudomonas and Non-Fermenters > Flashcards

Pseudomonas and Non-Fermenters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Pseudomonas and other Non-fermenters?

A
  • Gram-negative, non-spore forming bacteria, may be rods, or coccobacilli
  • Obligateaerobes
  • Good growth usually seen in 24h
  • Glucose not fermented
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2
Q

What is the reservoir of Pseudomonas and NFs?

A

Soil and water in the environment.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of P. aeruginosa?

A
  • Aerobic Gram negative rod
  • Motile with polar flagella
  • Mucoid polysaccharide slime layer
  • Pili on cell surface
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4
Q

What is the reservoir of P. aeruginosa?

A

Grows in unsterile water, medications, disinfectants

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5
Q

What are the main patients that are susceptible to P. aeruginosa?

A
  • Burn patients
  • Cystic fibrosis patients
  • Patients with hematologic malignancies
  • Immunocompromised patients
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6
Q

What are some of the main P. aeruginosa infections?

A

Pulmonary
“Swimmer’s Ear”
Bacteremia with ecthyma gangrenosum

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7
Q

What are the main P. aeruginosa virulence factors?

A

Exotoxin A
Exoenzyme S
Elastase

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8
Q

What is the function of Exotoxin A?

A

Blocks protein synthesis much like diphtheria toxin

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9
Q

What is the function of Exoenzyme S?

A

ADP-ribosylating toxin

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10
Q

What is the function of elastase?

A

Results in tissue destruction and hemorrhagic lesions via the degradation of elastin

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11
Q

How is P. aeruginosa identified?

A
  • Glucose Non-Fermenter
  • Oxidase positive
  • Grape-like odor
  • Produces Pyocyanin
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12
Q

What is the only bacteria that produces pyocyanin?

A

P. aeruginosa

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13
Q

What antibiotics are used against P. aeruginosa?

A

Resistant to many antibiotics due to changes in porins.

Combination therapy of cell wall active agent + aminoglycoside for serious systemic infections.

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14
Q

A gram‐negative rod grows as a colorless colony on a MacConkey agar plate. Further laboratory testing shows the organism is oxidase positive, does not ferment glucose, produces a sweet grape‐like odor and grows at 420C. Which of the following clinical infections is most likely to be caused by this organism?

A. Ear infection after swimming in a fresh water lake
B. Melioidosis
C. Community acquired urinary tract infection
D. Community acquired pneumoniae
E. Gastroenteritis following ingestion of
contaminated water

A

A. Ear infection after swimming in a fresh water lake

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15
Q

What is the associative odor with P. aeruginosa?

A

Grape-like odor

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16
Q

What is the reservoir of Buckholderia pseudomallei?

A

Soil, water, vegetation of S.E. Asia, 20˚ north and south of equator. Primarily found in India, Thailand, Vietnam, northern Australia. Also endemic in China, Taiwan, Laos.

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17
Q

What disease is caused by B. pseudomallei?

A

Melioidosis

18
Q

What are the 3 possible manifestations of B pseudomallei infection?

A
  • Acute Disease: septicemia with metastatic lesions. 95% mortality if untreated
  • Subacute Disease: most common. TB like pneumonia with cellulitis and lymphangitis
  • Chronic Disease: localized chronic cellulitis. Treat with antibiotics before draining otherwise become bacteremic
19
Q

What is the reservoir of B. cepacia?

A

Recovered from water sources, wet surfaces,

detergent solutions

20
Q

What diseases does B cepacia cause?

A

Opportunistic infectious agent that mainly causes respiratory infections

21
Q

What is B. cepacia mainly problematic in?

A

Cystic Fibrosis patients

22
Q

Why is B. cepacia especially problematic in CF patients?

A

It will cause more dry sticky mucus which is a good breeding ground as well as have increased inflammation of the airway

23
Q

What is the mutation in CF?

A

There is a mutation in the CFTR gene which causes innate immunity and decreased NO level that will lead to increased airway inflammation and increased mucus. It also causes a failure to internalize bacteria.

24
Q

What are the CF pathogens of chronic lung disease?

A

– S. aureus
– P. aeruginosa
– B. cepacia complex

25
Q

What are the characteristics of B. cepacia?

A
  • Glucose non-fermenter
  • May be yellow pigmented
  • Slow oxidase-positive
  • Resistant to most antibiotics
26
Q

What is the reservoir of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

– Soil, water, animals, vegetation, crops

– Not part of normal skin or gastrointestinal flora but can be recovered from almost any clinical site

27
Q

What is the most common infection caused by S. maltophilia?

A

Respiratory tract

28
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of gram-negative nonfermentative bacillary infections?

A

S. maltophila. The most common is E. coli.

29
Q

Is S. maltophilia oxidase positive or negative?

A

Oxidase negative

30
Q

What is the main reservoir of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica?

A

Soil, water, plants, food-stuffs

May exist in water systems and wet surfaces in hospital environment with breast pumps as a common contaminated agent

31
Q

What is E. meningoseptica associated with in infants?

A

Meningitis

32
Q

What are the characteristics of E. meningoseptica?

A
  • Oxidase Positive
  • Pale yellow pigment on BAP
  • Poor growth on MacConkey
33
Q

What is the reservoir of Acinetobacter baumannii?

A

Free living in water and soil
Isolated foods, hospital air, inanimate objects,
numerous human sources

34
Q

What are the characteristics of A. baumannii?

A

– Coccobacilli on Gram stain
– Good growth on BAP and MacConkey
– Oxidase negative
– Non-motile

35
Q

A gram-negative rod was recovered from the CSF of a newborn with meningitis. It was an oxidase-positive, glucose non-fermenting rod, that failed to grow on MacConkey agar and was indole-positive. An epidemiologic investigation revealed that the mother was using a breast pump that belong to the hospital nursery and may have been the source of the causative agent. What is the likely agent of meningitis in this case.

A. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica 
B. Citrobacter koseri
C. E. coli
D. Listeria monocytogenes
E. Neisseria meningitidis
A

A. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

36
Q

Main Infection P. aeruginosa

A

Skin/Lungs

37
Q

Main Infection S. maltophilia

A

Pneumonia and UTI

38
Q

Main Infection B. pseudomallei

A

Meliodosis

39
Q

Main Infection B. cepacia

A

Respiratory tract infections especially for CF patients

40
Q

Main Infection E. meningoseptica

A

Neonatal meningitis

41
Q

Main Infection A. baumanii

A

Nosocomial infection

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

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