Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Med - Pathology > Parasitology I-II > Flashcards

Parasitology I-II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the protozoa that are spread human to human?

A
  • Cryptosporidiosis
  • Amebiasis
  • Giardiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the protozoa that are spread animal to human?

A
  • Cryptosporidiosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Giardiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the vector borne protozoal diseases?

A

Malaria
Leishmanias
American Trypanosomiasis
African Trypanosomiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malaria Vector

A

Anopheles Mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leishmanias Vector

A

Sand Fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) Vector

A

Reduviid Bug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Vector

A

Tsetse Fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plasmodium falciparum Dx

A

Blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leishmania tropica Dx

A

Skin scraping and biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Trypanosoma cruzii Dx

A

Tissue biopsy or blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Giardia lamblia Dx

A

Stool ova & parasite exam, immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cryptosporidium Dx

A

Stool ova & parasite exam, immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Dx

A

Stool ova & parasite screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxoplasmosis Dx

A

Tissue biopsy (brain, lymphnode, other) or serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the protozoa indigenous to the US mainland?

A
  • amebiasis
  • giardiasis
  • toxoplasmosis
  • babesiosis pneumoocystis
  • cryptosporidiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for Plasmodium species?

A

Mefloquine or chloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

TMP/SMX in AIDS patients only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii?

A

TMP/SMX in AIDS patients only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the life cycle of malaria in the mosquito?

A

Sporogony - gametocytes are formed which lead to a zygote then and oocyst and a sporozoite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the life cycle of malaria in the human?

A

Schizogony - sporozoites are injected which can enter into one of two cycles:

  • Exoerythrocytic - Liver -> the sporozoite will become a hepatic schizont which is then converted to a merozoite.
  • Erythrocytic -> the sporozoite become a trophozoite then a RBC schizont before it is converted to a merozoite or a gametocyte before it is taken up by a mosquito again in a blood meal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sporozoite

A

A motile sporelike stage in the life cycle of some parasitic sporozoans (e.g., the malaria organism) that is typically the infective agent introduced into a host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Schizont

A

A mature sporozoite form that multiplies into thousands of merozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Merozoite

A

Merozoites infect red blood cells and then rapidly reproduce asexually. The red blood cell host is destroyed by this process, which releases many new merozoites that go on to find new blood-borne hosts. Merozoites are non-motile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trophozoite

A

It is the activated, intracellular feeding stage in the apicomplexan life cycle. After gorging itself on its host, the trophozoite undergoes schizogony and develops into a schizont, later releasing merozoites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the RBC

Ag for P. vivax?

A

Duffy Ag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of the Plasmodium has widespread resistance to chloroquine?

A

P. falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What Plasmodium are Schuffner’s dots indicative of?

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What Plasmodium are electron dense knobs indicative of?

A

P. falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some of the clinical manifestations of malaria?

A

• Chills, fever, headache, myalgias, nausea, splenomegaly
- cycles of fever with hemolytic anemia
• Anemia, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which malaria species can persist in the liver and relapse in the blood after treatment?

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

31
Q

Name the organs most severely affected in fulminant falciparum malaria.

A

– Cerebral malaria
– Renal failure
– Pulmonary edema

32
Q

The sexual phase of the malaria life cycle in which gametocytes mature to the sporozoite is known as ________

A

Sporogony

33
Q

What is the treatment for P. vivax/ovale?

A

Chloroquine + primaquine

34
Q

What is the origin of Plasmodium knowlesi?

A

Monkeys

35
Q

What is the vector for Babesiosis?

A

Ixodes scapularis – Tick

36
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of babesiosis?

A

Majority have NO symptoms

– Fever
– Headache
– Fatigue
– Hemolytic anemia

37
Q

What is characteristic on the blood smear of babesiosis?

A

Tetrads

38
Q

What is the reservoir for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Cats mainly. Also sheep, cattle and pigs.

39
Q

What is the the greatest risk for passing Toxoplasma intrauterinely?

A

The greatest risk is when it is acquired by mother in 3rd trimester

40
Q

Name the human cell in which babesia species are found.

A

RBCs

41
Q

What is the treatment for babesiosis?

A

Atovaquone plus azithromycin

42
Q

What can T. gondii cause in immunocompromised patients?

A
  • encephalitis

- myocarditis

43
Q

Where is Cryptosporidium found in a human host?

A

It carries out its life cycle in the intestinal villi

44
Q

What are the clinical manifestation of Cryptosporidium?

A

– Explosive, watery diarrhea
– Abdominal pain
– Lasts one to two weeks

45
Q

What is the difference in the infection of the immunocompromised with Cryptosporidium?

A

The diarrhea will continue relentlessly until immunity is restored

46
Q

What is the reservoir for amebiasis?

A

Humans

47
Q

What is characteristic of E. histolytica infection?

A

“Flask” ulcers

48
Q

What is the transmission of amebiasis (E. histolytica)?

A
  • cysts ingested (fecal oral)

- sex

49
Q

What are the clinical findings in amebiasis?

A

– Asymptomatic
– Nonspecific diarrhea
– Dysentery (pain, fever, blood, pus)
– Spread – liver, pleural (lung), pericardium

50
Q

What are the symptoms of Giardia infection?

A

Malabsorption type of diarrhea – Fat – Carbohydrate

51
Q

What are the transmission mechanisms of Giardia?

A

Water, food, person-person, sex

52
Q

What is a key feature of Trichomonas vaginalis on microscopy?

A

HIGHLY motile organism

53
Q

What is the transmission mechanism of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Sex

54
Q

What are the signs of T. vaginalis infection?

A

• Damages squamous mucosa of female genital tract
– Neutrophilic inflammatory reaction
– Petechial hemorrhages

55
Q

What is the treatment for T. vaginalis infection?

A

– Metronidazole
– Tinidazole

ALSO TREAT MALE PARTNER

56
Q

Which morphologic stage of leishmania is seen within macrophages in skin biopsy in the cutaneous form or in the liver or spleen in the visceral form?

A

Amastigote

57
Q

What is the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis?

A
  • Injected promastigotes opsonized with complement
  • Taken up by macrophages; amastigotes multiply intracellularly
  • Released to another cell or fly
58
Q

Which morphologic stage of trypanosome circulates in the blood of people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

A

Trypomastigote

59
Q

What are some of the symptoms of African trypanosomiasis?

A

– Local lesion (chancre)
– Acute illness with fever
– Encephalopathy

60
Q

What is Chagas’ Disease caused by? What is it AKA?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi.

American Trypanosomiasis

61
Q

Which protozoan causes megaesophagus or megacolon?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

62
Q

The insect vector of Trypanosoma cruzi is the ___________

A

Reduviid Bug

63
Q

The sexual phase of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii takes place in the _________________

A

Intestine of the cat

64
Q

What are the clinical features of Chagas’ Disease?

A

– Acutefebirle
– Chronic heart failure, arrhythmia
– Megaesophagus and megacolon

65
Q

What are the symptoms of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection?

A

– Fever
– Dry cough
– Severe dyspnea
• CXR Diffuse interstitial infiltrates

66
Q

Is Pneumocystis jiroveci a protozoan?

A

No it is a fungus

67
Q

How do humans acquire infection with Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Transmission by ingestion of oocysts (cat feces) or undercooked meat

68
Q

What is the most common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in persons with AIDS?

A

Encephalitis

69
Q

How is the specific diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia established?

A

See cysts in lung tissue and secretions with silver stain or DFA

70
Q

Name the infective form of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Trophoziote

71
Q

The organ most commonly involved in extra-intestinal amebiasis is the ______________

A

Liver

72
Q

The major site of infection with Giardia lamblia is ___________________________.

A

Intestines

73
Q

Giardia lamblia causes diarrhea by

_____________

A

Fat/Carbohydrate Malabsorption

74
Q

The clinical manifestation caused by cryptosporidium if it is acquired by healthy people is _________________

A

Explosive watery diarrhea

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions