Development of the Nervous System Flashcards
What cell layer does the nervous system develop from?
Ectoderm
What is the cell layer origin of the notochord?
Mesoderm
Telencephalon forms…
Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus
Diencephalon forms…
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencephalon forms…
Midbrain
Metencephalon forms…
Pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon forms….
Medulla
What does the mantle zone eventually form?
Gray Matter
What does the marginal zone eventually form?
White Matter
Alar Plate
Sensory
Basal Plate
Motor
What types of nervous fibers are found in the dorsal horn?
GVA and GSA
Spina Bifida Occulta
Mostly benign but there is not complete formation of the vertebrae
Spina Bifida Cystica
Neningocele and meningomyeloceles where there are protrusions of the spinal cord
Exencephaly
The failure of the cephalic (rostral) neural tube to close, and results in failure of the skull to form, thus leaving the malformed brain exposed. The brain tissue typically becomes necrotic leading to anencephaly. This condition is incompatible with life, even though the brainstem often remains intact.
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of CSF within the ventricular system can lead to hydrocephaly. In newborns, it is typically due to blockage or narrowing of the aqueduct of Sylvius.
Dandy‐Walker Syndrome
Congenital abnormality of the fourth ventricle with failure of foramens Luschka & Magendie to form, resulting in an enlargement of the fourth ventricle
Arnold‐Chiari Syndrome
It is a caudal displacement and herniation of the posterior cranial fossa structures, namely the cerebellum, through the foramen magnum.
Microcephaly
A cranial vault that is smaller than normal. This is normally due to a lack of brain development. Impaired mental development is associated with more than 50% of these cases.
