Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

What cell layer does the nervous system develop from?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

What is the cell layer origin of the notochord?

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

Telencephalon forms…

Answer 3

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 4

Diencephalon forms…

Answer 4

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 5

Mesencephalon forms…

Answer 5

Midbrain

Question 6

Metencephalon forms…

Answer 6

Pons and cerebellum

Question 7

Myelencephalon forms….

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

What does the mantle zone eventually form?

Answer 8

Gray Matter

Question 9

What does the marginal zone eventually form?

Answer 9

White Matter

Question 10

Alar Plate

Answer 10

Sensory

Question 11

Basal Plate

Answer 11

Motor

Question 12

What types of nervous fibers are found in the dorsal horn?

Answer 12

GVA and GSA

Question 13

Spina Bifida Occulta

Answer 13

Mostly benign but there is not complete formation of the vertebrae

Question 14

Spina Bifida Cystica

Answer 14

Neningocele and meningomyeloceles where there are protrusions of the spinal cord

Question 15

Exencephaly

Answer 15

The failure of the cephalic (rostral) neural tube to close, and results in failure of the skull to form, thus leaving the malformed brain exposed. The brain tissue typically becomes necrotic leading to anencephaly. This condition is incompatible with life, even though the brainstem often remains intact.

Question 16

Hydrocephalus

Answer 16

Abnormal accumulation of CSF within the ventricular system can lead to hydrocephaly. In newborns, it is typically due to blockage or narrowing of the aqueduct of Sylvius.

Question 17

Dandy‐Walker Syndrome

Answer 17

Congenital abnormality of the fourth ventricle with failure of foramens Luschka & Magendie to form, resulting in an enlargement of the fourth ventricle

Question 18

Arnold‐Chiari Syndrome

Answer 18

It is a caudal displacement and herniation of the posterior cranial fossa structures, namely the cerebellum, through the foramen magnum.

Question 19

Microcephaly

Answer 19

A cranial vault that is smaller than normal. This is normally due to a lack of brain development. Impaired mental development is associated with more than 50% of these cases.