Systemic Viral Infection: Mumps, Measles, Rubella and PB19

Question 1

Mumps

Answer 1

Acute viral illness that causes parotitis and can cause orchitis

Question 2

How is mumps transmitted?

Answer 2

Respiratory droplets

Question 3

What is the long term outcome of mumps?

Answer 3

Lifelong protective immunity

Question 4

What are some of the systemic effects of mumps infection?

Answer 4

Can affect the pancreas, testes, ovaries, peripheral nerves, eye, inner ear and CNS.

Question 5

What is the pathogenesis of mumps?

Answer 5

Infects epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and spreads via viremia leading to a systemic infection

Question 6

What immunity is required for control of mumps?

Answer 6

Cell-mediated immunity is essential for control of infection and responsible for a portion of the symptoms. Antibody is not sufficient due to mumps’ ability to spread cell to cell.

Question 7

What is the lab diagnosis for mumps done with?

Answer 7

Serology

• Positive serologic test for mumps IgM antibody
• Significant increase in mumps IgG Ab

Question 8

Measles

Answer 8

Mild respiratory infection that spreads to cervical lymph nodes and viremia leads to fever and rash

Question 9

What is a complication of measles?

Answer 9

Immunosuppression can lead to other infections being superimposed onto the measles infection

Question 10

Koplik Spots

Answer 10

Salt like spots seen inside the oral mucosa diagnostic of measles

Question 11

What patients are at increased risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

Answer 11

Younger patients. The younger they are, the greater the risk - especially infants

Question 12

Rubella

Answer 12

AKA German measles and presents with a upper respiratory tract infection with a maculopapular rash

Question 13

How is rubella diagnosed in the lab?

Answer 13

Serology

Question 14

What is a high risk population for rubella?

Answer 14

Pregnant women

Question 15

What can occur if a pregnant woman is infected with rubella?

Answer 15

• Congenital Rubella Syndrome
• Miscarriage
• Stillbirth

Question 16

What are these symptoms associated with?
• Deafness
• Cataracts
• Heart defects
• Microcephaly
• Mental retardation
• Bone alterations
• Liver and spleen damage

Answer 16

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Question 17

What is “slapped cheek” syndrome a symptom of?

Answer 17

Parvovirus B19 infection

Question 18

What is the pathogenesis of parvovirus B19 infection?

Answer 18

Infects mitotically active erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow and establishes lytic infection

Question 19

What is the risk for parvovirus B19 in pregnant women?

Answer 19

Virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus leading to severe anemia that can lead to spontaneous abortion

Question 20

What is erythema infectiousum AKA?

Answer 20

Fifth’s Disease