Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Med - Pathology > Clinical ID > Flashcards

Clinical ID Flashcards

1
Q

Prions

A

Composed of modified proteins that cause transmissable disesases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate intracellular organisms that are dependent on host cell metabolism for replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of pathogen is capable of long term latency in the host?

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteriophages/Plasmids/Transposons

A

Mobile genetic elements that encode bacterial virulence factors.

Bacteriophages only infect bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Can cause GU infections, conjunctivitis, respiratory infections & STDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Transmitted by insect vectors (lice, ticks, mites) and can cause Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Q Fever, ehrlichiosis & scrub typhus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

Tiniest free-living organism known and can cause atypical pneumonia & nongonococcal urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the conidia of the fungi?

A

Fruiting bodies off of the hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Protozoa

A

Parasitic, single-celled organisms with motility, pliable plasma membranes and complex cytoplasmic organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms that are highly differentiated multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 types of helminths?

A
  • Roundworms
  • Flatworms
  • Flukes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of roundworm

A

Nematode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of a flatworm

A

Tapeworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of a fluke

A

Trematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main barriers to infection?

A

Skin and mucosa along with secretions such as lysozyme and stomach acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the mechanisms of bacteria induced cell injury?

A
  • Cell Death
  • Toxins
  • Secondary injury due to the immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is bacterial endotoxin?

A

Toxin that is a part of the LPS in Gram (-) bacteria and is on Lipid A

18
Q

What is bacterial exotoxin?

A

Toxins that are released by the bacteria to interfere with cellular metabolism to kill surrounding cells and increase the nutrients available to them

19
Q

What are examples of microbial pathogens that exhibit significant antigenic variation?

A 
Rhinovirus
Influenza
Giardia Lamblia
N. gonorrhoea
Plasmodium falciparum
20
Q

Giardia lamblia would most appropriately be classified as:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Fungus
  3. Protozoa
  4. Helminth
  5. Virus
21
Q

Which of the following are considered to be part of the human host barriers to infection?

  1. Intact skin
  2. Lysozme in tears
  3. Acid in stomach
  4. Commensal flora of mucous membranes
  5. All of the above
A
  1. All of the above
22
Q

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structural component of outer cell wall in gram negative bacteria that induces host cytokine release to cause fever, activate macrophages & B cells is know as:

  1. Exotoxin
  2. Endotoxin
  3. Lipoteichoic acids
  4. Integrins
  5. Peptidoglycan
23
Q

Which of the following microbial pathogens exhibits significant antigenic variation?

  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. Shigella dysenteriae
  4. Streptococcus pyogenes (GroupAStrep)
  5. Vibrio cholera
A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
24
Q

Suppurative (Polymorphonuclear) Inflammation

A
  • Caused by pyogenic bacteria

- Characterized by increased vascular permeability and leukocytic infiltration by neutrophils

25
Q

What can cause suppurative inflammation?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

26
Q

Mononuclear and Granulomatous Inflammation

A

Diffuse, predominantly mononuclear interstitial infiltrates form in response to pathogens

27
Q

What can cause granulomatous inflammation?

A

Syphilis

Tuberculosis

28
Q

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

A

Reactions characteristic of virus-mediated damage to individual host cells in the absence of host inflammatory responses

29
Q

What can cause cytopathic-cytoproliferative inflammation?

A

Herpes

Measles

30
Q

Necrotizing Inflammation

A

Rapid and severe tissue damage with predominant cell death in the absence of inflammatory infiltrates

31
Q

What can cause necrotizing inflammation?

A

Caused by uncontrolled viral infections, secreted bacterial toxins or cytolysis of host cells in protozoa infections (eg. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Group A streptococcus)

32
Q

Chronic Inflammation and Scarring

A

Chronic inflammation can lead to either complete healing or to extensive scarring due to constant damage from inflammation

33
Q

What can cause chronic inflammation?

A

Schistosoma haematobium - shistosoma eggs

34
Q

Poliovirus

35
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis

36
Q

Candida albicans

37
Q

Sporothrix shenckii

38
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

39
Q

Giardia lamblia

40
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense

41
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Helminthes

42
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Helminthes

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions