Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Med - Pathology > Renal Pathology IV > Flashcards

Renal Pathology IV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of acute kidney failure?

A

Acute Tubular Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are signs of AKI/ATI?

A

Rapid reduction of renal function and urine flow (oliguria), uremia and signs of fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does acute tubular injury generally occur?

A

PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does ischemic tubular injury look like?

A

Focal, with small parts scattered throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does toxic tubular injury look like?

A

Diffuse, large sections show injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the typical presentation of ATI?

A

Injury with large amount of blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the causes of ischemic ATI?

A

BP drop, severe trauma, acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some of the causes of toxic ATI?

A

Drugs (antibiotics), contrast dyes, poisons (heavy metal), organic solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ar some of the causes of tubulointerstitial nephritis?

A

o infections, acute and chronic
o drugs and toxins
o metabolic diseases (urate, oxalate, hypercalcemia)
o neoplasms (multiple myeloma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can cause acute pyelonephritis?

A

Acute pyelonephritis can be caused either by ascending infection or by hematogenous spread of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

A

Incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some of the signs of acute pyelonephritis?

A

Sudden onset, costovertebral angle pain, fever, malaise, urosepsis in severe infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis?

A

Acute inflammation with PMNs in tubules & interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some of the possible causes of papillary necrosis?

A
  • analgesics
  • diabetes
  • sickle cell anemia
  • obstruction
  • TB (tuberculosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main cause of chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

A

A distinct form of pyelonephritis typically associated with infection by Proteus, obstruction and stones. Clinically and radiologically may mimic cancer!

17
Q

What are some of the clinical presentations of acute drug induced interstitial nephritis?

A

Rash (25% of cases)

Acute renal failure

18
Q

Acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis - pathogenesis

A

Drugs act as haptens, which covalently bind to cells and become immunogenic. IgE and/or cell-mediated immune reactions to tubular cells/their basement membrane

19
Q

What is often an abundant cell type in Acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis?

A

Eosinophils

20
Q

What are some drugs that can cause Acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Chinese herbs
  • Antibiotics
21
Q

What is the causative agent of Chinese herb nephropathy?

A

Due to aristolochic acid

22
Q

Oxalate nephropathy causes

A
  • Bariatric srugery

- Glycol intoxication

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of thrombotic microangiopathy?

A
  • microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • renal failure
24
Q

A 26 yo female is discovered to have elevated serum creatinine level.
She has been healthy, well nourished. In fact she has been trying to shed some weight but with no great success…

a. You suspect cancer as a cause of her renal failure
b. You ask her about all her prescription medications
c. She probably has reflux nephropathy
d. She has acute pyelonephritis
e. You ask her about her about herbal preparations

A

e. You ask her about her about herbal preparations

25
Q

A 32 yo computer programmer presents with generalized edema and unintentional weight gain. In general he has been healthy. Only recently he complained of a lower back pain during a period requiring long hours at the computer… However, the pain was relieved with some over the counter meds. His urinalysis shows 3+ protein, his serum creatinine is
5.0 MG/DL [n=0.7-1.5]. You are suspecting that …

a. His biopsy will show crescents
b. His biopsy will look normal by light microscopy
c. His biopsy will show subepithelial deposits
d. He most likely has interstitial nephritis and minimal change disease
e. He has postinfectious glomerulonephritis

A

d. He most likely has interstitial nephritis and minimal change disease

26
Q

•A 7 yo boy developed malaise followed by bloody diarrhea. He was previously healthy with a good appetite and he really enjoyed his hamburger, which his father bought him from a street stand…His mother noticed that his urine turned red and was also diminished in volume…His kidney biopsy will show:

a. subepithelial hump-like deposits
b. IgA deposits in glomeruli
c. Crescents in >50% of glomeruli
d. IgA deposits in glomeruli and skin capillaries
e. Thrombi in glomerular capillaries

A

e. Thrombi in glomerular capillaries

27
Q

A 7 yo boy developed malaise followed by bloody diarrhea. He was previously healthy with a good appetite and he really enjoyed his hamburger, which his father bought him from a street stand…His mother noticed that his urine turned red and was also diminished in volume

The clinical studies most likely will show:

a. renal failure
b. thrombocytopenia
c. schistocytes (fragmented red blood cells) in peripheral blood smears
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

28
Q

A retired dentist developed a sudden onset of a severe flank pain radiating to the back with nausea and vomiting. Urinalysis showed 10–15 red blood cells per high power field.
He denied any history of alcohol or recreational drug use.
His past medical history includes type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Ten days ago he underwent an elective surgery for carotid artery stenosis. What should be considered in the differential diagnosis?

a. Nephrolithiasis
b. Ischemic bowel disease
c. Renal infarction
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

29
Q

Patient described in a previous case passed spontaneously a stone. What would be the best choice?

a. Send stone to pathology for chemical analysis
b. Send stone to pathology for photographic analysis
c. Most likely atheromatous stone
d. Give back stone to patient for safe keeping
e. Discard the stone if patient is not interested in keeping it

A

a. Send stone to pathology for chemical analysis

30
Q

A 44 yo male experienced worsening headache, nausea and vomiting over the last 3 days. He had started “seeing spots” before his eyes
PE: BP= 220/135 mmHg, there was also bilateral papilledema
UA: 2+ protein, 1+ hematuria, glucose (-), ketones (-)
The serum creatinine levels were elevated. Which is the best choice?

a. Malignant brain tumor
b. Thromboembolic event
c. Fibrinoid necrosis
d. Food poisoning
e. Acute onion skin changes

A

c. Fibrinoid necrosis

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions