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► Med - Pathology > Gram Positive/Negative Anaerobes > Flashcards

Gram Positive/Negative Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium perfringens diseases

A
  • Gas gangrene
  • Food poisoning
  • Intra-abdominal infection
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2
Q

Clostridium tetani diseases

A

Tetanus

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3
Q

Clostridium botulinum diseases

A

Botulism

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4
Q

Clostridium difficile diseases

A

Nosocomial GI infection

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5
Q

Propionobacterium acnes diseases

A

Acne

Infection of prosthetics

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6
Q

Actinomyces diseases

A

Abscess formation

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7
Q

Peptostreptococcus diseases

A

Mixed contiguous infections

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8
Q

What are the spore forming Gram positive anaerobes?

A

Clostridium

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9
Q

What are the non-spore forming Gram positive anaerobes?

A

P. acnes
Actinomyces
Peptostreptococcus

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10
Q

What are the Gram negative anaerobes?

A

Bacteriodes
Fusobacterium
Prevotella
Porphyromonas

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11
Q

Bacteroides fragilis diseases

A

Abscess formation with mixed infection

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12
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum diseases

A

Pneumonia or lung abscess with potent endotoxin

Liver abscess

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13
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum diseases

A

Metastatic infection that is due to high virulence because of its endotoxin

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14
Q

Prevotella diseases

A

Female GU tract infections
Oral and GI tract infections

Often causes mixed infections

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15
Q

Porphyromonas diseases

A

Oral and periodontal infections

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16
Q

What anaerobes cause mixed infections?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Prevotella

C. perfringens
Peptostreptococcus

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17
Q

What is the best antibiotic for anaerobic Bacteroides infection?

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

What is the main toxin of C. perfringens and what is its function?

A

Alpha Toxin.

It lyses inflammatory cells and protects C. perfringens
from attack by WBCs which leads to gas gangrene where no live WBCs can be found in the blisters.

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19
Q

What is the onset of gas gangrene?

A

Rapid onset

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20
Q

How does C. perfringens cause gas gangrene?

A 
Effects of the exotoxins released:
– necrosis of muscle and skin 
– tense edema
– bullae formation
– gas formation
21
Q

How does C. perfringens cause food poisoning?

A

Spores contaminate food which is ingested and enterotoxin produced following germination of large numbers of organisms leads to disease 8-24 hrs later

22
Q

How is C. tetani spread?

A

– puncture wounds

– burns

23
Q

How does C. tetani cause tetanus?

A

Releases tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin that blocks postsynaptic inhibition spinal motor reflexes (GABA) leading to spasmotic contractions

24
Q

What does C. tetani look like under the Gram stain?

A

Tennis rackets

25
Q

What is the manifestation of C. tetani infection?

A

Axonal transport of toxin with variable manifestations that develops into generalized tetanus preceded most commonly by trismus

26
Q

What is a frequent source of C. botulinum infection?

A

Home canning of fruits/vegetables/fish

27
Q

What causes botulism?

A

Preformed toxin with spore contamination.

It does not require spore germination.

28
Q

What are some manifestations of botulism?

A

Descending paralysis (flaccid) - 1st symptoms are lack of eye movement

29
Q

What is the major mechanism for C. difficile infection?

A

Patients in hospitals on antibiotics

30
Q

What is megacolon?

A

Megacolon - colon can enlarge and dilate leading to

perforation that could kill patient

31
Q

How does C. difficile cause its disease?

A

It produces and enterotoxin and a cytotoxin

32
Q

What does C. septicum cause?

A

Nontraumatic myonecrosis and bacteremia

33
Q

What does C. sordellii cause?

A

Fatal toxic shock syndrome following medical

abortions and natural child birth

34
Q

What infection is Actinomyces associated with?

A

Slow growing- abscess forming in cervicofacial, thoracic, pelvic, intraabominal locations

35
Q

What infection is Propionobacterium acnes associated with?

A

Acne

Prosthetic Devices

36
Q

What is Peptostreptococcus associated with?

A

Often found among mixed infections like brain, intraabdominal, lung

37
Q

What is the hallmark of B. fragilis infection?

A

Abscess formation
– Inflammatory response to infection
– Encapsulated “pus”

38
Q

What are the main virulence factors of B. fragilis?

A
  • Polysaccharide Capsule

- O2 Tolerance

39
Q

What is the function of the B. fragilis toxin?

A

Nothing. It is defective.

40
Q

How does B. fragilis infection normally occur?

A

Stool infection of a wound

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Prevotella?

A

– Non-motile
– Non-encapsulated
– Strict anaerobe

42
Q

What infections do P. bivia and P. disiens cause?

A

Female genital tract infections

43
Q

What infections does P. melaninogenica cause?

A

Oralcavity, urogenital, GI tract

44
Q

What is the best antibiotic for Fusobacterium infection?

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

What is the best antibiotic for Peptostreptococcus infection?

A

Penicillin

46
Q

What infections does Porphyromonas cause?

A

Mixed or single oral, periodontal infections

47
Q

What infections does Fusobacterium nucleatum cause?

A
  • aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, chronic otitis media, sinusitis, brain abscess
  • liver abscess
48
Q

What is the main virulence factor of Fusobacterium?

A

High virulence toxin

49
Q

What infections does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause?

A
  • Lemierre’s syndrome/ post anginal sepsis

* widespread metastatic infection

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

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