Neoplasia I Flashcards
What is a neoplasia and what is it made up of?
It is a new growth that is made of:
- Parenchyma
- Stroma
What part of the neoplasia determines the biologic behavior?
Parenchyma
What is the function of stroma for the neoplasia?
- Connective tissue, blood vessels, immune system cells
* “Support” growth and spread of neoplasm
What are -omas used to designate?
Benign tumors
What are -carcinomas used to designate?
Malignant epithelial tumors
Anaplasia
It is “backward differentiation” – loss of the structural and functional differentiation of the cells from which a neoplasm is derived
What is the N:C ratio?
Nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio.
Normal cells generally have a N:C ratio of 1:4 or 1:6. This ratio may approach 1:1 in malignant cells.
Dysplsia
Disorderly architecture and altered cytology of cells, principally found in epithelium. Result of mutations. Cells may have pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, high N:C ratios, disorderly maturation, mitoses above basal layer.
Does dysplasia penetrate the basement membrane?
No
What is it called when dysplastic cells involve the entire thickness of an epithelial surface?
Carcinoma in-situ
What happens to the N:C ratio in malignant cells?
It increases
Metastasis
Secondary implants of a malignant tumor that are discontinuous with the primary tumor and may be in remote tissues. Metastases identifies a neoplasm to be malignant more than any other attribute.
What are the 3 methods of metastasis?
a) Seeding within body cavities
b) Via lymphatics (lymphatic spread)
c) Via blood vessels (hematogenous spread)
What is the hallmark of malignancy?
Invasion
What are -sarcomas used to designate?
Malignant mesenchyme tumors
