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► Med - Pathology > Child Development Diseases and Autism > Flashcards

Child Development Diseases and Autism Flashcards

1
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A
  • Childhood onset; often lasts into adulthood

* Disrupts functioning across settings - both school and home

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2
Q

What is the main gender affected by ADHD?

A

Males

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3
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A
  • Methylphenidate

- Atomexitine

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4
Q

What are the 3 different presentations of ADHD?

A

‐ Combined
‐ Predominantly inattentive
‐ Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive

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5
Q

What are the overlapping diagnoses of ADHD?

A
  • Oppositional Defiant Disorder
  • Conduct Disorder
  • Bipolar Disorder
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6
Q

What is a disease with high co-morbidity with ADHD?

A

Bipolar Disorder

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7
Q 
‐ Often loses temper
‐ Argues with adults
‐ Hostile, defiant behavior towards authority figures
‐ Blames others for own mistakes
‐ Annoys people deliberately
‐ Touchy and easily annoyed by others
A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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8
Q
  • Violates others’ basic rights or major age‐appropriate societal norms/rules
  • Often bullies, threatens others
  • Cruel to animals
  • Destroys property, sets fires
  • Often starts fights
  • Often lies and lacks remorse
  • Skips school, runs away
  • Often stays out at night, despite parental rules
A

Conduct Disorder

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9
Q

Tic

A

Involuntary sudden, rapid motor movement or vocalization

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10
Q
  • Tics occur many times every day or intermittently for > 1 year
  • Tics can be simple (rapid, repetitive contractions) or complex (appear as more ritualistic and purposeful)
  • Simple tics appear first
  • Onset before 18 years
A

Tourette’s Disorder

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11
Q

What gender is more affected by Tourette’s?

A

Males

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Tourette’s?

A

Haloperidol

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13
Q

What NT is Tourette’s associated with?

A

Associated with increased levels of dopamine

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14
Q

What is the age range for separation anxiety disorder?

A

Often 7-11 years

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15
Q
  • Constant thoughts, intense fears about safety of parents
  • School refusal
  • Frequent somatic complaints
  • Extreme worries about sleeping away from home
  • Being over clingy
  • Panic, tantrums when separating from parents
A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

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16
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

• Begins with imagining oneself in a progression of fearful
situations and using relaxation
• Often used to treat anxiety and phobias
• When the person is relaxed in the presence of the feared stimulus, objectively, there is no more phobia

17
Q

When does stranger anxiety appear?

A

6 months - disappears at 8 months

18
Q

When does separation anxiety appear?

A

8-12 months

19
Q
  • Significant deficits in intellectual functioning
  • Diagnosis via clinical assessment and standardized neurocognitive testing
  • Significant deficits in adaptive behavior
  • Presents as developmental delay
A

Intellectual Disability

20
Q

What is the most common cause of intellectual disability?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

21
Q

What are the most common GENETIC causes of intellectual disability?

A
  • Down Syndrome

- Fragile X-syndrome

22
Q

What gender is more affected by autism?

A

Males

23
Q

What gender has greater intellectual disability from autism?

A

Females tend to have greater intellectual disability

24
Q
  • Deficits in reciprocal social interaction
  • Decreased repertoire of activities and interests
  • Abnormal or delayed language development, impairment in verbal and non‐verbal communication
  • No separation anxiety
  • Oblivious to external world
  • Fails to assume anticipatory posture, shrinks from touch
  • Preference for inanimate objects
  • Stereotyped behavior and interests
A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

25
Q

What are some prenatal diseases that have increased risk for autism?

A
  • Maternal asthma or allergies

- Psoriasis while pregnant

26
Q

What gender is more affected by Rett syndrome?

A

Females

27
Q

‐ Onset (6‐18) months of age
‐ Hand wringing (stereotyped hand movements)
‐ Small hands & feet
‐ Microcephaly (decreased rate of head growth)
‐ Prone to seizures, GI issues, scoliosis


A

Rett Syndrome

28
Q

What is the main drug used for autism - mainly treat behavior?

A

Risperidone

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

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