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► Med - Pathology > Rickettsia > Flashcards

Rickettsia Flashcards

1
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Cause

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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2
Q

Rickettsialpox Cause

A

R. akari

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3
Q

Epidemic typhus (louse-borne typhus) Cause

A

R. prowazekii

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4
Q

Brill-Zinsser disease Cause

A

R. prowazekii

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5
Q

Murine typhus Cause

A

R. typhi

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6
Q

Scrub typhus Cause

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi

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7
Q

Two types of Ehrlichiosis

A

Human Anaplasmosis

Human Monocyte Ehrlichiosis

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8
Q

Human Anaplasmosis Cause

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Ehrlichia ewingii

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9
Q

Human Monocyte Ehrlichiosis Cause

A

E. chaffeensis

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10
Q

Q fever Cause

A

Coxiella burnetii

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11
Q

What is the reservoir of R. rickettsii?

A

Dogs and rodents

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12
Q

What is the vector of R. rickettsii?

A

Ticks (Dog and Wood)

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13
Q

How is R. rickettsii maintained in the tick population?

A

Maintained in the tick population by passage from tick to tick through transovarian transmission

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14
Q

What are the manifestations of RMSF?

A

High fever and headache
Rash most characteristic feature
i. Rash present particularly on hands and feet
ii. Rash moves from extremities to trunk of body

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15
Q

Where does RMSF occur most often?

A

Main states are NC and OK

Occurs in association with residential and recreational exposure to wooded areas where infected ticks exist

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16
Q

What is the reservoir of rickettsialpox?

A

Mites (possibly mice)

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17
Q

What is the vector of rickettsialpox?

A

Mites

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18
Q

How is R. akari maintained in mites?

A

Transovarian transmission

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19
Q

What are the manifestations of rickettsial pox?

A

Phase 1: A firm red papule appears at the site of the bite. Papule develops into deep-seated vesicle then black eschar

Phase 2: Systemic spread and after 9-14 days, high fever, severe headache, chills/sweats, myalgias, photophobia develop. A vesicular rash develops (small, blister like lesions filled with clear fluid).

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20
Q

What is the reservoir of epidemic typhus?

A

Reservoirs include humans and flying squirrels

21
Q

What is the vector of epidemic typhus?

A

Lice

22
Q

How is R. prowazekii maintained in lice?

A

Lice die after 2-3 weeks, thus preventing transovarian transmission. It is NOT maintained.

23
Q

How is epidemic typhus spread?

A

Organisms are present in the feces of the infected lice and enter through the bite would or skin abrasions

24
Q

What are the manifestations of epidemic typhus?

A

Fever and headache
Maculopapular rash begins first on the trunk and then spreads centripetally to the extremities (opposite to Rocky Mountain Spotted fever)

25
Q

What are the manifestations of Brill-Zinsser disease?

A

Relapse of louse-borne typhus appearing 10-40 years after the primary attack. Rickettsia persist for many years in the lymph nodes of an individual without any
symptoms being manifest.

26
Q

What is the reservoir of murine typhus?

A

Rodents

27
Q

What is the vector of murine typhus?

A

Fleas

28
Q

What are the manifestations of murine typhus?

A

Fever, severe headache, chills, myalgia, nausea

Rash in 50% of cases, typically restricted to the chest and abdomen, but may extend to palms and soles.

29
Q

Where is scrub typhus found?

A

Southwest Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Japan

30
Q

What is the reservoir of scrub typhus?

A

Mites

31
Q

What is the vector of scrub typhus?

A

Mites

32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of scrub typhus?

A

Typical initial lesion, a necrotic eschar at the site of the bite on the extremities, develops in only 50 to 80% of the cases.

Generalized lymphadenopathy

33
Q

What is the reservoir of HME?

A

White-tailed deer and dogs

34
Q

What is the vector of HME

A

Lone Star Tick

35
Q

Where is HME found?

A

HME found in U.S. predominantly in southeastern, mid-Atlantic and south central states; OK has high rate of incidence

36
Q

What is the reservoir of HA?

A

Rodents

37
Q

What is the vector of HA?

A

Ixodes Tick

38
Q

Where is HA found?

A

Human anaplasmosis found in U.S. primarily in northern and central midwestern states and northeast and central Atlantic states.

39
Q

What are the manifestations of HA and HME?

A

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia, nausea or vomiting
Typically NO rash

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum transaminases develop in majority of patients

40
Q

What are the manifestations of HME?

A

Late onset rash in 30-40%

41
Q

What are the manifestations of HA?

A

Infection primarily of bone marrow myeloid cells

42
Q

What is the reservoir of Q fever?

A

Carried by mammals such as cattle, sheep, and goats

43
Q

How does infection by C. burnettii occur?

A

Infection is believed to typically occur through inhalation of dust contaminated with Coxiella or from aerosols in slaughterhouses

44
Q

What are the manifestations of Q fever?

A

A mild, dry, hacking cough and patchy interstitial pneumonia may or may not be present.

NO rash

45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Q fever?

A

C. burnetii primarily replicates in the phagosome because it requires low pH.

C. burnetii forms endospores and thus is resistant to drying and other environmental conditions.

46
Q

How does Coxiella burnetii pathogenesis differ from Rickettsial organisms such as Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Coxiella enters via a phagolysosome-like vesicle wheres Rickettsia enters the cytoplasm. The phagosome fuses with endosomes as Coxiella requires low pH for growth.

Outside of the cells Coxiella is viable for years but Rickettsia quickly dies.

47
Q

What organisms exit the cell by budding?

A

R. rickettsia and R. typhi

They escape using Phospholipase A and multiply in cytoplasm. R. rickettsia and R. typhi then migrate intracellularly using actin polymerization.

48
Q

After returning from an extended stay at her Aunt Sarah’s cattle ranch in Oklahoma, 12-year old Susie complains of cold-like symptoms: severe headache, high fever, myalgia, and a persistent cough. You see no signs of rash. Laboratory results indicate the presence of bacteria, but normal white blood cells. You conclude that the causative agent of this disease was transmitted to Susie:
A. By a bite from a blood sucking mite
B. Through exposure to the wood tick Dermacentor andersoni
C. By breathing dust from the cattle.
D. From Aunt Sarah’s persistent cough
E. Through a louse bite

A

C. By breathing dust from the cattle.

► Med - Pathology (203 decks)

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