Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT topics > small intestine > Flashcards

small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

causes for duodenal ulcers

A

H. pylori (90%)

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma in pancreas): consider if RECURRENT after tx with PPI, check gastrin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BILIOUS vomiting

“double bubble sign”

A 
duodenal atresia (no canalazation of duodenum = blind pouch)
distention of stomach in front of pylorus + distention of duodenum pouch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

associated with duodenal atresia

A

down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

imaging evaluation of patient with jaundice

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP)

esophagus → stomach → duodeunum → inject dye in ampulla of vater → visualize biliary tree + pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

located in duodenal submucosa

A

brunner gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypertrophied with duodenal ulcers

A

brunner glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

prokinetic agents

A

↑Ach (parasympathetic), ↑5HT (carcinoid syndrome - produces vasoactive amines), ↓D2
cholinergic agoinst (bethanechol)
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine)
metoclopromide: stimulate 5HT4, inhibit D2
macrolide: stimulate smooth muscle motilin receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

no peristalsis - blood diverted to more important areas of body

cause: post-op, stroke, septic shock, ICU
treatment: prokinetic agents

A

intestinal ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

↑ 5HT causes

A

diarrhea (seen in carcinoid syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

enterocyte characteristics

A

villi: absorption

secrete digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

between villi of enterocytes

glands that secrete digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

iron absorption

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

folate absorption

A

duodenum + jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

B12 absorption

A

terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

iron deficiency anemia due to malabsorption

A

antacids, some antibiotics (quinolones, tetracycline): iron absorption occurs in acidic environment
gastric bypass surgery: bypass duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of folate deficiency

A

poor nutrition: alcoholism

infant fed exclusively goat’s milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

infant fed exclusively with goat’s milk

A

folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cause of B12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)

A

no terminal ileum
malnutrition
↓ absorption in terminal ileum
pernicious anemia: autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells (no IF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AR
lack of apo-B leading to defective chylomicron assembly → chylomicron doesn’t leave enterocyte → enterocytes stop fat absorption

A

abetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

apo-B48 is marker on chylomicrons

A

allows chylomicron to leave enterocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

steatorrhea (malabsorption of ADEK) failure to thrive (first few months of life)
ataxia
acanthocytes: star RBCs

A

abetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

disaccharidase deficiency
lactase breaks lactose → glucose + galactose
when not broken down: lactose is metabolized by bacteria in colon → fermentation →
bloating
cramping
diarrhea

A

lactase deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lactase located in tips of microvilli - can be damaged in

A

gastroenteritis - blunts microvilli

temporary lactase deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

likely infectious cause

affects ENTIRE small intestine (vs celiac disease only in proximal small bowel)

A

tropical sprue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

complications of tropical sprue

A

vitamin deficiencies

megaloblastic anemia

26
Q

treatment of tropical sprue

A

antibiotics (doesn’t improve with gluten-free diet)

27
Q

caused by tropheryma whipplei (G+)

A

whipple disease

28
Q 
older white male:
weight loss
diarrhea
fever
LAD
hyperpigmentation
cardiac sx
arthritis
neruo sx
A

whipple disease

29
Q

PAS + foamy macrophages in intestinal lamina propria

A

whipple disease (t. whipplei inside macrophages)

30
Q

treatment of whipple disease

A

penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline

1-2 year long

31
Q 
nausea
bloating
vomiting
diarrhea
malabsorption
aspirate of jejunum: excessive bacterial growth
A

bacterial overgrowth of small intestine

32
Q

risk factor for bacterial overgrowth

A 
dysmotility
fistula
diverticula
illeocecal valve resection
gastroenteritis
PPIs
33
Q 
complication of:
chronic pancreatitis
cystic fibrosis
gallstones
cancer
A

pancreatic insufficiency

34
Q

steatorrhea (fat malabsorption - ADEK vitamines)

A

pancreatic insufficiency

35
Q

small intestinal mucosa laden with distended macrophages in lamina propria

A

whipple disease

36
Q

defect in chylomicron exportation

A

abetalipoproteinemia

37
Q

chronic abdominal pain + altered bowel habits
ab pain: crampy, variable intensity, IMPROVES with defecation
bowel habits: diarrhea, constipation, alternating diarrhea and constipation
other GI sx: GERD, dysphagia, early satiety, nausea, chest pain
non-GI sx: urinary frequency/urgency, dysmenorrhea, dsypareunia, fibromyalgia (depression too)

A

irritable bowel syndrome

38
Q

symptoms NOT associated with IBS!!

A 
rectal bleeding
nocturnal ab pain
weight loss
anemia
elevated inflammatory markers
electrolyte abnormalities
39
Q

treatment of IBS

A 
avoid lactose or gluten
fiber supplement
antispasmodics: dicyclomine, hyoscyamine
antidepressants: TCA, SSRI
guanylate cyclase agonist: IBS with constipation
40
Q

most common congenital anomoly in GI tract

A

Meckel diverticulum

41
Q

incomplete obliteration vitelline duct

A

Meckel diverticulum

42
Q
A

Meckel diverticulum

43
Q

diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum

A

Meckel scan: look for ectopic gastric mucosa (pancreatic epithelium may also be present)

44
Q

most common abdominal emergency in kids

A

intussusception

45
Q

telescoping of bowel into DISTAL segment (near ileocecal junction - small bowel into cecum)

A

intussusception

46
Q

complications of:
adenovirus
Meckel diverticulum

A

intussusception (but usually idiopathic)

47
Q

“currant jelly” stool

A

intussusception (bloody stool)

48
Q

“bulls-eye” or “coil spring” on US

A

intussusception

49
Q

common causes of small bowel obstruction

A 
ABC
Adhesions: surgical adhesions from previous surgery (75%)
Bulge: hernia (second most common - inguinal hernia incarcerated (can't reduce) → infarction/strangulation)
Cancer: tumors (metastatic colorectal cancer most common)
less common:
volvulus
intussusception
chron's disease
gallstone - obstructs lumen of SB
ileus
bezoar
bowel wall hematoma from trauma
inflammatory stricture
congenital malformation
radiation enteritis
50
Q

dilated bowel on ab xray

A

small bowel obstruction

gas builds up

51
Q

> 3 days to pass meconium

A

meconium ileus

52
Q

normal time that meconium is passed

A

within 3 days of birth

53
Q

causes of meconium ileus

A

cystic fibrosis

hirschsprung disease

54
Q 
premature infant that received oral feeds too soon: bowel undergoes 
feeding intolerance
↑gastric residuals
ab distention
bloody stools
perforation
A

necrotizing enterocolitis

55
Q

abdominal xray shows:
dilated loops of bowel
paucity of gas
pneumatosis intestinalis (presence of gas in wall of intestine)

A

necrotizing enterocolitis

56
Q

treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis

A

bowel rest by giving parental nutrition (IV food)

57
Q

↓ blood flow to part of bowel
associated with atherosclerosis of celiac or mesentaric arteries
splenic flexure (watershed) is susceptible to injury
distal colon too

A

ischemic colitis

58
Q

elderly
pain out of proportion to physical exam (no signs of appendicitis, cholecystitis)
WORSE with eating
weight loss

A

ischemic colitis

59
Q

small vascular malformation in gut → bleed easily
common in elderly
usually cecum or ascending colon
unexplained GI bleeding + anemia
dx: colonoscopy to see bleeding, angiography will better show bleeding

A

angiodysplasia

60
Q

neuroendocrine tumor that secretes SEROTONIN in appendix, ileum, rectum and lung

A

carcinoid syndrome

61
Q 
BFDR
Bronchospasm
Flushing
Diarrhea
Right sided murmur (deposits in R sided valves) + edema, ascites (all = Right sided heart disease)
A

carcinoid syndrome: cause by excess serotonin from carcinoid tumor

*symptoms only if tumor is outside of GI tract because liver metabolizes all the 5HT produced in colon (carcinoid tumor mets outside of GI or started in lung)

DIT topics (115 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions