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DIT topics > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A 
ANTI-CONVULSANTS:
ethosuximide
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
phenytoin
ANTIBIOTICS
sulfonamides
penicillin
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS: gout, kidney stones
allopurinol
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2
Q

drugs that cause agranulocytosis

A

carbamazapine (anti-convulsant)
clozapine (anti-psychotic)
colchicine (gout)
PTU + methimazole (anti-thyroid meds)

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3
Q

drugs with low therapeutic index - must monitor closely

A

seizure drugs: phenobarbital
lithium
warfarin
digoxin

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4
Q

name for phase of drug metabolism that involves:
reduction
oxidation
hydrolysis
mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes
result: slightly polar, water-soluble + active metabolite, may convert prodrug to drug or make drug more toxic (methanol →fermaldehyde)

A

phase 1 reaction

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5
Q

name for phase of drug metabolism that involves:

conjugation: glucaronidation, acetylation, sulfation, methylation
result: very polar, inactive metabolite, renal excretion (can’t cross membranes, trapped in urine)

A

phase 2 reaction

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6
Q

elderly lose this phase of metabolism first

A

phase 1 reactions: reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis

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7
Q

consequence of slow acetylators (Phase 2 reaction)

A

build up of drug → ↑drug levels → SE + toxicity

tx: less frequent doses

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8
Q

location of phase 1 and phase 2 reactions for drug metabolism

A

primarily occur in liver, some in kidney

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9
Q

roles of cytochrome P450s (cyp450s)

A

bile acid synthesis
steroid synthesis
drug metabolism (CYP3A4 metabolizes 50% of drugs, if more than one drug used by CYP, may prolong action of drug, ↑plasma level, drug-drug interactions)
activation of drugs

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10
Q

drugs that inhibit P450

A 
CRACK AMIGOS 
Cimetidine
Ritonavir (ALL protease inhibitors - MOA is to inhibit P450s)
Amiodarone
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
ACUTE alcohol use
Macrolides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Omeprazole
Sulfonamides
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11
Q

drugs that can cause disulfiram-like reaction when taken with alcohol

A

metronidazole
cephalosporins - some (cefoperazone, cefotetan,cefamandole)
procarbazine - tx of hodgkin’s lymphoma
sulfonylureas - 1st generation (tolbutamide)

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12
Q

drugs that induce P450s

A 
Coronas, Guiness, PBRs induce CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Carbamazepine (seizure)
Griseofulvin (antifungal)
Phenytoin (seizure), Phenobarbital
Barbiturates
Rifampin
St. John's Wart
Chronic Alcoholism (CYP 2E1)
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13
Q

drugs eliminated by zero order elimination

A

PEA - round like “0”
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin (high or toxic concentration)

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14
Q

drugs that prolong the QT intervial and can lead to Torsades de Pointes

A 
Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT:
Sotalol (class 3)
Risperidone, haloperidol (anti-pyshcotics)
Macrolides, Methadone
Chloroquine (antimalarial)
Protease inhibitors
Quinidine (class 1A)
Thiazides
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15
Q

drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A 
Can't Make New Blood Cells Properly
Chloramphenicol 
Methimazole (antithyroid)
NSAIDs
Benzene
Carbamazepine
Propylthiouracil (antithyroid)
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16
Q

drugs that cause flushing

A 
VANC
Vancomycin (red man syndrome)
Adenosine (vasodilator)
Niacin
Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine, smooth muscle relaxation)
17
Q

drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Breathing Air Badly from Meds
Bleomycin (anticancer)
Amiodarone (afib)
Busulfan (anticancer)
Methotrexate
18
Q

drugs that cause hepatic necrosis

A 
liver HAVAc
Halothane
Acetaminophen
Valproic acid
Amanita phalloides (mushroom toxin)
19
Q

drugs that cause gynecomastia

A 
STACKED
Spironolactone
THC (marijuana)
Alcohol (chronic use)
Cimetidine (H2 blocker)
Ketoconazole
Estrogens
Digoxin
20
Q

drugs that cause gout

A 
Painful Tophi + Feet Need Care
Pyrazinamide
Thiazide diuretic
Furosemide (loop diuretic)
Niacin (increase HDL)
Cyclosporine
21
Q

drugs that cause photosensitivity

A

SAT for photo
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracycline

22
Q

drug-induced lupus

A 
SHIPP
Sulfonamides
Hydralazine
Iisoniazid
Procainamide
Phenytoin
23
Q

drugs that cause parkinson-like syndrome

A

ARM
Antipsychotics
Reserpine
Metoclopramide

24
Q

common side effects of B blockers

A

bradycardia
AV block
CHF: due to ↓contractility
non-selective: bronchoconstriction, mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

25
Q

drugs that cause sexual dysfunction

A

antihypertensives
neuroleptics
SSRIs: ↓libido
ethanol

26
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

muscle rigidity
hyperthermia
CV collapse due to autonomic instability

27
Q

TCA overdose

A 
tri C's:
convulsions = seizures
coma
cardiotoxicity
hyperpyrexia (from seizure)
respiratory depression
28
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A 
initially: delerium + mental status change
autonomic instability: tachycardia
muscle rigidity
myoglobinuria
hyperpyrexia
29
Q

nephrotoxic + ototoxic

A

vancomycin
aminoglycosides
loop diuretics
cisplatin + carboplatin

30
Q

testicular cancer

A

Eradicate Ball Cancer:

etoposide + bleomycin (or ifosfamide) + cisplatin

31
Q

interfere with microtubules

A

Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly
Mebendazole, albendazole (anti-helminthic)
Griseofulvin (antifungal)
Colchicine (gout)
Vincristine, Vinblastine (anti-cancer): block polymerization)
Paclitaxel (anti-cancer): stabilize microtubules

32
Q

cancer drugs that are cardiotoxic

A

trastuzumab

doxorubicin, daunorubicin

DIT topics (115 decks)

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