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DIT topics > cell biology: organelles > Flashcards

cell biology: organelles Flashcards

1
Q

amino acids in nuclear localization signal:
4-8 aa sequence that is part of the protein (ie histones)
recognized by nuclear pore, goes from cyto→nucleus

A

Proline
Arginine
Lysine
to get into “club” (NUCLEUS) need to be PALs with “bouncer”
bring POSITIVE energy (positive charged, bind to DNA)

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2
Q

site of steroid synthesis, detoxification of drugs + poisons

A

smooth ER

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3
Q

cells with lots of sER

A

hepatocytes: metabolize + detoxify drugs

adrenal cortex + gonads: steroid producing cells

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4
Q

site of synthesis of secretory proteins (exported) + N-linked oligosaccharide added to many proteins

A

rough ER

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5
Q

cells with lots of rER

A

plasma cells: secrete Abs (protein)

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6
Q

Nissl bodies

A

RER in neurons

synthesize NT to be secreted in dendrites

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7
Q

site of synthesis of cytosolic + organelle proteins

A

free ribosomes in cytosol

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8
Q

labile cell type properties

A 
divide rapidly (most affected by chemo)
short G1 (get to S phase quickly)
never goes to Go
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9
Q

labile cells

A 
BM
gut epithelium
skin
hair follicles
germ cells
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10
Q

stable cells

A

hepatocytes

lymphocytes

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11
Q

permanent cells

A

neurons
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle
RBCs

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12
Q

permanent cell type properties

A

remain in Go (no cell divisions)

regenerate from stem cells

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13
Q

stable cell type properties

A

enter G1→Go when stimulated (on standby)

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14
Q

3 methods of proteolysis (protein degradation)

A

proteasomal degradation - use ubiquitin
lysosomal degradatoin
Ca2+ dependent enzymes

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15
Q

specialized sER in smooth muscle + skeletal muscle cells

stores Ca2+ which helps to regulate muscle contraction

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

site of ATP production via TCA cycle + ETC here
apoptosis
self-replicate (own DNA)

A

mitochondria

17
Q

B-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (diet)
synthesis of plasmalogens (phospholipid in myelin)
contain oxidase + catalase to metabolize etoh (in hepatocytes esp)

A

peroxisome

18
Q

process of proteasome degradation

A

degrade ubiquitin tagged proteins via ubiquitin protein ligases (in the proteasome)

19
Q

what element causes:
muscle contraction
exocytosis of NE + hormones

A

Ca2+

20
Q

assist in folding and transport of proteins in ER + golgi

A

chaperones

21
Q

type of chaperone synthesized by stress = heat

rescue shock-stressed proteins from misfolding, adds ubiquitin which marks it for degradation

A

heat shock proteins (hsp70, hsp90)

another heat shock protein (ubiquitin)

22
Q

no phosphotransferase (tags lysosomal enzymes with M6P to go to lysozome) → failure of golgi to add mannose-6-phosphate (no phosphorylation) to proteins (lysosomal enzymes) to be delivered to lysosome→ ↑ plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes

A

I-cell disease: inherited lysosomal storage disorder

23
Q

clouded cornea, restricted joint movement, hepatosplenomegaly, high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes
death by 8 yo

A

I-cell disease: inherited lysosomal storage disorder

24
Q

vesicular trafficking protein that COATS ER and forms a vesicle which carries protein from ER → golgi (anterograde)

A

COPII

25
Q

vesicular trafficking protein that COATS GOLGI and forms a vesicle which carries protein from gogli → ER (retrograde)

A

COPI

26
Q

vesicular trafficking protein that transports hydrolase from trans-golgi (farside) → lysosome

A

Clathrin

27
Q

vesicular trafficking protein involved in receptor mediated endocytosis (LDL R activity) = it attaches to plasma membrane → form endosome

A

Clathrin

28
Q

modify and package proteins and lipids from ER to vesicles, plasma membrane, lysosomes

A

golgi

29
Q

post-translation modification of peptide + proteoglycan (protein with sugar on it, in CT)

A

golgi

30
Q

modify N-oligosaccharides on asparagine

A

golgi

31
Q

adds O-oligosaccharides on serine + threonine

A

golgi

32
Q

adds mannose-6-phosphate to proteins from ER to be delivered to lysosomes

A

golgi

33
Q

adds sulfate groups to sugars + tyrosine

A

golgi

34
Q

forms proteoglcyans by glycosylation of core proteins (add sugar: chondrointin sulfate, heparin sulfate)

A

golgi

35
Q

p53 + hypophosphorylated Rb are

A

tumor suppressors

36
Q

cell cycle regulator that inhibits G1 to S progression

A

tumor suppressors: p53 + Rb

37
Q

cancers caused by mutation in tumor suppressors: p53 or Rb: unregulated cell division (no inhibition from G1→S)

A

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma
Li-Fraumeni syndrome

38
Q

4 amino acids modified by the golgi apparatus

A

Serine (O-oligosaccharide added)
Threonine (O-oligosaccharide added)
Asparagine (N-oligosaccharide added)
Tyrosine (Sulfate group added)

DIT topics (115 decks)

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