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DIT topics > cancer risk factors > Flashcards

cancer risk factors Flashcards

1
Q

cigarette smoke

A

bladder: transitional cell
esophagus: squamous + adenocarcinoma
kidney: renal cell
larynx: squamous cell
lung: small cell + squamous cell
oral cancer
pancreas

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2
Q

alcohol

A

oral cancer
larynx
esophagus: squamous cell
if have cirrhosis: ↑ risk HCC

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3
Q

aflatoxin: produced by aspergillus mold in corn, soybean, peanuts

A

HCC

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4
Q

pathogenesis of aflatoxin

A

mutation in p53
food contaminated
problem in developing countries

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5
Q

nitrosamines: smoked foods

A

gastric cancer
squamous cell esophageal cancer
colon cancer

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6
Q

arsenic:
pesiticides
living in arsenic rich area
ingest ground water than contains arsenic over several years

A

lung:

liver: angiosarcoma
skin: squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

vinyl chloride: refrigeration, adhesives

A

,liver: angiosarcoma

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8
Q

alkylating agent: class of cancer drugs (cyclophosphamides, nitrogen mustards)

A

leukemia/lymphoma

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9
Q

benzene: solvent, makes napthalene

A

leukemia

hodgkin lymphoma

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10
Q

2-naphthalene (moth balls, Tobacco smoke)

A

Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (Tobacco)

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11
Q

asbestos

A 
bronchogenic carcinoma of lung >>>
malignant mesothelioma (pleura)
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12
Q

radon: gas in mines + basements

A

lung cancer (2nd most common cause after cig. smoke)

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13
Q

ionizing radiation (xrays, nuclear)

A 
#1 myeloid leukemia (AML, CML)
#1 thyroid cancer (papillary most common type of cancer)
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14
Q

UV radiation exposure

A

skin cancer: squamous cell, basal cell, melanoma

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15
Q

UV radiation types

A

UVC: shortest wavelength, filtered by ozone layer (don’t get to earth)
UVB = BAD: SKIN CANCER, causes pyrimidine dimers in DNA (2 thymines on same strand dimerize - can’t replicate strand)
UVA: generation of free radicals, slight skin cancer risk

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16
Q

hepatitis B

hepatitis C

A

cirrhosis → ↑ risk HCC
hep B doesn’t need cirrhosis for HCC risk
hep C: papillary thyroid carcinoma too

17
Q

HTLV (human T-cell lymphotrophic virus)

A

T-cell lymphoma

18
Q

HHV-8 (herpes)

A

kaposi sarcoma

19
Q

EBV (herpes)

A

burkitt lymphoma: starry sky appearance, t(8;14)
hodgkin lymphoma: reed sternberg cells
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

20
Q

HPV 16 + 18

A 
cervical cancer
vaginal cancer
vulvar cancer
anal cancer
penile cancer
throat  cancer
21
Q

h. pylori

A

h.pylori organism + chronic inflammation can cause:

gastric adenocarcinoma

22
Q

streptococcus bovis

A

colon cancer (cause infective endocarditis in colon cancer patients)

23
Q

schistosoma haematobium

A

bladder cancer: Squamous cell (Shistosoma)

hematuria + egypt/middle east

24
Q

clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke)

A

biliary cancer: cholangiocarcinoma

25
Q

acanthosis nigricans: velvety, hyperpigmented, epidermal thickening on neck + flexurals

A 
visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)
and insulin resistance in type II DM
26
Q

actinic keratosis: sandpaper, rough as age (due to sun exposure: hands, forearm, face)

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of skin

tx of actinic keratosis: 5-FU

27
Q

autoimmune + immunodeficiency diseases (HIV)

A

lymphoma: non-hodgkin

28
Q

AIDS

A

kaposi sarcoma

lymphoma: non-hodgkin

29
Q 
tuberous sclerosis: variable expression (phenotype)
facial angiofibromas
seizures
ID
ash leaf spots: skin depigmentation
A

giant cell astrocytoma: 10%
renal angiomyolipoma: can become malignant
cardiac rhabdomyoma: 66%

30
Q

ulcerative colitis (more than chron’s disease)

A

colon cancer

31
Q

most common type of cancer in men (incidence = new cases/year)

A

prostate: 32%
lung: 16%
colon/rectum: 12%
*real most common: basal cell

32
Q

most common type of cancer in women (incidence = new cases/year)

A

breast: 32%
lung: 13%
uterine:
colon/rectum
*real most common: basal cell

33
Q

cancer mortality in men

A 
switch #1 and #2 for incidence:
lung
PROSTATE
colon
pancreatic
34
Q

cancer mortality in women

A 
switch #1 and #2 for incidence:
lung
BREAST
colon
pancreatic
35
Q

obesity

A 
men + women:
esophageal adenocarcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
women: 
endometrial cancer
gallbladder cancer
men:
thyroid cancer
colon cancer

DIT topics (115 decks)

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