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DIT topics > inflammation > Flashcards

inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classic findings of inflammation?

A 
rubor (redness)
dolor (pain)
calor (heat)
tumor (swelling)
loss of function
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2
Q

what is inflammation?

A

method to REPAIR cell damage

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3
Q

outcomes of acute inflammation

A

complete resolution: normal structure, function
organization: fibrotic shell walls off inflammation
abscess: fibrotic shell + pus (drain!)
scarring: collagen →↓ function (myocardium can’t contract, no electrical impulses)
progression to chronic inflammation

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4
Q

acute inflammation mediated by:

A

neutrophils

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5
Q

chronic inflammation mediated by

A

macrophages + lymphocytes (mononuclear)

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6
Q

acute or chronic inflammation?

granuloma

A

chronic inflammation

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7
Q

granuloma composed of:

A

cluster of epithelioid macrophages + multinucleated giant cells (fused macrophages) in chronic inflammation
macrophages make TNFα →maintains granuloma

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8
Q

outcomes of chronic inflammation

A

scarring

amyloidosis

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9
Q

MOA of infliximab

A

block TNFα → breakdown of granuloma

test for LATENT TB before starting

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10
Q

granulomatous LUNG diseases (chronic inflammation)

A

TB: CASEATING granuloma (cheese-like) with caseous necrosis in middle (PINK)
sarcoidosis
fungal: histoplasmosis, blastomycosis
berylliosis

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11
Q

berylium miner

A

berylliosis

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12
Q

migrant worker with hemoptysis

A

TB

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13
Q

granulomatous LUNG + KIDNEY disease (chronic inflammation)

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener)

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14
Q

granulomatous GI disease (chronic inflammation)

A

Chron’s disease (noncaseating, no pink center = caseous necrosis)

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15
Q

bartonella henselae = cat scratch disease causes

A

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

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16
Q

granulomas are a feature of

A

granulomatous diseases

17
Q

M. leprae (leprosy, hansen disease) causes

A

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

18
Q

listeria monocytogenes causes

A

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

19
Q

chronic granulomatous disease (immunodeficiency disorder) causes formation of

A

granulomas

20
Q

foreign body causes

A

granulomatous disease (chronic inflammation)

21
Q

transudate extracellular fluid (from vessels) properties

A

watery:

hypocellular, ↓protein, ↓ specific gravity

22
Q

exudate extracellular fluid (from vessels) properties

A

EXudate = EXtra stuff:

cellular (inflammatory cells), ↑protein, ↑specific gravity

23
Q

exudate caused by

A

lymphatic obstruction
inflammation/infection
malignancy

24
Q

transudate caused by

A

↑hydrostatic pressure (CHF)
↓oncotic pressure (cirrhosis)
Na retention

25
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) is the

A

rate at which RBCs fall to bottom of tube
fibrinogen (acute phase reactant made by HEPATOCYTES) coats RBCs → aggregation → fall at faster rate within the test tube →↑ ESR

26
Q

C-reactive protein

A

a acute phase reactant (like fibrinogen)
made by HEPATOCYTES
bind to bacteria and act as opsonin
can be secreted from cells in athersclerotic plaques: activates endothelial cells to induce a prothrombotic state, ↑adhesiveness of endothelium to leukocytes

27
Q

↑ ESR occur in

A

polymyalgia rheumatica
temporal arteritis
monitor disease activity (degree of inflammation) in RA and SLE
infection: osteomyelitis (useful for diagnosis, sometimes xray is negative)
inflammation
malignancy

28
Q

↑CRP are a strong predictor of

A

MI risk
stroke
PAD
sudden cardiac death

29
Q

serous pattern of inflammation

A

watery fluid in tissues (transudate)

30
Q

fibrinous pattern of inflammation

A

fibrinogen exits vessel and enters tissue → forms fibrin matrix in inflamed tissue (exudate)

31
Q

suppurative/purulent pattern of inflammation

A

pus (exudate) - in abscess, pleural effusion

dead cells, debris, liquefactive necrosis

32
Q

type of inflammation with persistent cycles of destruction + repair, start eating healthy tissue

A

chronic inflammation

33
Q

acute inflammation causes release of acute phase cytokines (inflammatory mediators):

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-α

34
Q

during acute inflammation, vasodilation + vascular permeability → fluid exudation into interstium is caused by

A

histamine
5HT
bradykinin

35
Q

vitamin C and zinc are required for acute inflammation. they are involved in:

A

vitamin C: fibroblasts need for laying down collagen for wound healing
zinc: metalloproteinases contain zinc and remodel the ECM

36
Q

IL-1
IL-6
TNFα cause:

A

↑expression of select on vessel

37
Q

disease that causes:
abnormal LFA-1 (integrin) - bad tight binding
delayed separation of umbilical cord in newborn
recurrent bacterial infections later in life

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

DIT topics (115 decks)

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