brain tumors Flashcards
most common primary brain tumor in adults
glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma)
2nd most common primary brain tumor in adults
meningioma
3rd most common primary brain tumor in adults
schwannoma
highly malignant ADULT brain tumor in cerebral hemis
arises from atrocytes
poor prognosis - 6 mo to 1 yr (worst prognosis)
irregular shape, center has necrosis, outside has edema
glioblastoma
brain cell type that provides support to neurons and part of BBB
astrocytoma (most common brain cell type)
stains GFAP
astrocytes in glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma) or pilocytic astrocytoma
pseudopalisading
glioblastoma
more common in women benign, slow growing ADULT brain tumor near surfaces of brain arises from arachnoid cells may have dural attachment (tail) tx: resection
meningioma
spindle cells arranged in whorled pattern psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications - rings on a tree)
meningioma
ADULT brain tumor located in cerebellopontine angle if on CN 8 (present with hearing loss, tinnitis, enlarged internal acoustic meatus on CT scan) arises from schwann cells tx: resection
schwannoma
if CN 8 involved = acoustic neuroma
bilateral acoustic neuroma (schwannomas) present in
NF-2
stain S-100
schwannoma
adult brain tumors are usually located
supratentorial
child brain tumors are usually located
infratentorial
imaging of brain
MRI - soft tissue
CT - if looking for bleed
slow growing ADULT brain tumor in frontal lobes
cells have “fried egg” appearance
oligodendroglioma
“oligo my eggo” - “fried egg”
pathology with “fried egg” appearance
oligodendroglioma
HPV - in koilocytes
seminoma - testes tumor
pituitary tumor ADULT brain tumor most common - prolactinoma → hypogonadism (amenorrhea, anovulation, galactorrhea, decreased libido) bitemporal hemianopia (pressure on optic chiasm)
pituitary adenoma
possible complications of brain tumors
mass effect - neuro deficits
seizure
altered mental status
most common brain tumor type in adults
metastasis: lung, breast, GI, thyroid, kidney, GU, melanoma
benign KID brain tumor in posterior fossa (cerebellum)
good prognosis
pilocytic (low-grade astrocytoma)
rosenthal fibers
pilocytic astrocytoma
eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers
most common primary brain tumor in kids
pilocytic astrocytoma
2nd most common primary brain tumor in kids
medulloblastoma
very malignant, cerebellum KID brain tumor
can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus
medulloblastoma
homer-wright rosettes
medulloblastoma
cells on outside, fibers on inside
perivascular rosettes
ependymoma
cells on outside, fibers on inside
KID brain tumor
can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus
arises from ependymal cells
poor prognosis
ependymoma
brain tumors that compress optic chiasm and cause bitemporal hemianopia
pituitary adenoma - adult
craniopharyngioma - kid
benign KID brain tumor in SUPRATENTORIAL region
compress optic chiasm → bitemporal hemianopia
craniopharyngioma
brain tumors derived from remnants of Rathke pouch
pituitary adenoma - adult
craniopharyngioma - kid
child presenting with hydrocephalus
medulloblastoma
ependymoma
tumor produces EPO → secondary polycythemia
hemangioblastoma
brain tumor associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas
hemangioblastoma
foamy cells with high vascularity
hemangioblastoma
ADULT brain tumor located in cerebellum
hemangioblastoma
complication of cinculate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
compress ACA
types of herniations
cingulate herniation under falx cerebri
downward transentorial herniation
uncal herniation
cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum
location of uncus
medial temporal lobe
complication of uncal herniation
compress ipsilateral CN 3 → blown pupil, down + out
ipsilateral PCA → contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
contralateral crus cerebri (ipsilateral paralysis = false localization sign)
directhemorrhage in paramedian artery
complication of cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum
coma + death (inhibit respiration) - compress brainstem
