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DIT topics > brain tumors > Flashcards

brain tumors Flashcards

1
Q

most common primary brain tumor in adults

A

glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma)

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2
Q

2nd most common primary brain tumor in adults

A

meningioma

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3
Q

3rd most common primary brain tumor in adults

A

schwannoma

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4
Q

highly malignant ADULT brain tumor in cerebral hemis
arises from atrocytes
poor prognosis - 6 mo to 1 yr (worst prognosis)
irregular shape, center has necrosis, outside has edema

A

glioblastoma

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5
Q

brain cell type that provides support to neurons and part of BBB

A

astrocytoma (most common brain cell type)

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6
Q

stains GFAP

A

astrocytes in glioblastoma (grade 4 astrocytoma) or pilocytic astrocytoma

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7
Q

pseudopalisading

A

glioblastoma

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8
Q 
more common in women
benign, slow growing ADULT brain tumor near surfaces of brain
arises from arachnoid cells 
may have dural attachment (tail)
tx: resection
A

meningioma

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9
Q 
spindle cells arranged in whorled pattern
psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications - rings on a tree)
A

meningioma

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10
Q 
ADULT brain tumor
located in cerebellopontine angle
if on CN 8 (present with hearing loss, tinnitis, enlarged internal acoustic meatus on CT scan)
arises from schwann cells
tx: resection
A

schwannoma

if CN 8 involved = acoustic neuroma

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11
Q

bilateral acoustic neuroma (schwannomas) present in

A

NF-2

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12
Q

stain S-100

A

schwannoma

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13
Q

adult brain tumors are usually located

A

supratentorial

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14
Q

child brain tumors are usually located

A

infratentorial

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15
Q

imaging of brain

A

MRI - soft tissue

CT - if looking for bleed

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16
Q

slow growing ADULT brain tumor in frontal lobes

cells have “fried egg” appearance

A

oligodendroglioma

“oligo my eggo” - “fried egg”

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17
Q

pathology with “fried egg” appearance

A

oligodendroglioma
HPV - in koilocytes
seminoma - testes tumor

18
Q 
pituitary tumor ADULT brain tumor
most common - prolactinoma → hypogonadism (amenorrhea, anovulation, galactorrhea, decreased libido)
bitemporal hemianopia (pressure on optic chiasm)
A

pituitary adenoma

19
Q

possible complications of brain tumors

A

mass effect - neuro deficits
seizure
altered mental status

20
Q

most common brain tumor type in adults

A

metastasis: lung, breast, GI, thyroid, kidney, GU, melanoma

21
Q

benign KID brain tumor in posterior fossa (cerebellum)

good prognosis

A

pilocytic (low-grade astrocytoma)

22
Q

rosenthal fibers

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers

23
Q

most common primary brain tumor in kids

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

24
Q

2nd most common primary brain tumor in kids

A

medulloblastoma

25
Q

very malignant, cerebellum KID brain tumor

can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus

A

medulloblastoma

26
Q

homer-wright rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

cells on outside, fibers on inside

27
Q

perivascular rosettes

A

ependymoma

cells on outside, fibers on inside

28
Q

KID brain tumor
can compress 4th ventricle → hydrocephalus
arises from ependymal cells
poor prognosis

A

ependymoma

29
Q

brain tumors that compress optic chiasm and cause bitemporal hemianopia

A

pituitary adenoma - adult

craniopharyngioma - kid

30
Q

benign KID brain tumor in SUPRATENTORIAL region

compress optic chiasm → bitemporal hemianopia

A

craniopharyngioma

31
Q

brain tumors derived from remnants of Rathke pouch

A

pituitary adenoma - adult

craniopharyngioma - kid

32
Q

child presenting with hydrocephalus

A

medulloblastoma

ependymoma

33
Q

tumor produces EPO → secondary polycythemia

A

hemangioblastoma

34
Q

brain tumor associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome when found with retinal angiomas

A

hemangioblastoma

35
Q

foamy cells with high vascularity

A

hemangioblastoma

36
Q

ADULT brain tumor located in cerebellum

A

hemangioblastoma

37
Q

complication of cinculate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri

A

compress ACA

38
Q

types of herniations

A

cingulate herniation under falx cerebri
downward transentorial herniation
uncal herniation
cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum

39
Q

location of uncus

A

medial temporal lobe

40
Q

complication of uncal herniation

A

compress ipsilateral CN 3 → blown pupil, down + out
ipsilateral PCA → contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
contralateral crus cerebri (ipsilateral paralysis = false localization sign)
directhemorrhage in paramedian artery

41
Q

complication of cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum

A

coma + death (inhibit respiration) - compress brainstem

DIT topics (115 decks)

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