GU micro bugs Flashcards
caused by HPV 6 and 11
condylomata acuminata = genital warts (STD)
koilocytosis: perinuclear cystoplasmic clearing
HPV infection
women initially asymptomatic: cervicitis, urethritis → PID (do have symptoms)
men: urethritis, dysuria, mucopurulent discharge, epidiymitis (unilateral pain, swelling of testicle)
disseminated infection: gonococcal arthritis
gonorrhea: N. gonorrhoeae
joint pain in young, sexually active patient
N. gonorrheae
if infected with N. gonorrheae, this assume infected with
C. trachomatis D-K
most common bacterial STI
C. trachomatis D-K
most common viral STI
condyloma acuminata
women asymptomatic: cervicitis, urethritis, dysuria → PID
men: urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis
reactive arthritis
conjunctivitis: infected genital secretions to the eye
C. trachomatis D-K
urethritis
arthritis
uveitis
reactive arthritis: most common cause is C. trachomatis D-K
lymphogranloma venerum
C. trachomatis L1-L3 (STD)
PAINLESS genital ulcer
extends into lymphatics → PAINFUL inguinal LAD (buboes - can rupture)
lymphogranloma venerum: C. trachomatis L1-L3 (STD)
STDs that can cause genital ulcers
lymphogranuloma venereum: C. trachomatis L1-L3
HSV (1: cold sores, 2: genital herpes)
chancroid
syphilis
PAINFUL vesicles on erythemetous base → erode → become shallow ulcers
if 1° infection: fever, headache, malaise, myalgia
HSV (STD)
PAINFUL genital ulcer
PAINFUL inguinal LAD
haemophilus ducreyi: chancroid (STD)
PAINFUL ulcers with distinct borders
purulent exudate from ulcers
haemophilus ducreyi: chancroid (STD)
G- rod that causes STD
“school of fish” appearance
haemophilus ducreyi: chancroid (STD)
chancre: PAINLESS genital ulcer (edges raised)
treponema pallidum: 1° syphilis (STD)
spirochete that causes STD
treponema pallidum: syphilis (STD)
systemic infection: fever, headache, malaise, general LAD
RASH
CONDYLOMA LATA
treponema pallidum: 2° syphilis (STD)
Neurosyphilis: tabes dorsalis, argyll robertson pupil
CV syphilis: aortitis
Gummatous syphilis: gummas
treponema pallidum: 3° syphilis (STD)
erythematous macules → become papules
PALMS + SOLES
rash of 2° syphillis
flat, smooth, moist white lesions near genitals from STD
condyloma lata: 2° syphilis (STD)
granulomatous lesion on skin from STD
gumma: 3° syphilis (STD)
PAINLESS ulcers from STD
lymphogranuloma venereum: C. trachomatis L1-L3
syphilis chancre: T. pallidum
PAINFUL ulcers from STD
chancroid: H. ducreyi
HSV
strawberry cervix
trichomonas vaginalis
ascending infection of upper reproductive tract:
uterus: endometritis
fallopian tube: salpingitis, hydrosalpinx (if tubes blocked with fluid), tubo-ovarian abscess
ovary: oophoritis
fitz-hugh curtis syndrome: infection of liver capsule - “violin string” adhesions
PID
common organisms that can cause PID
infection gets past cervical mucous barrier → allow normal vaginal flora in (polymicrobial)
N. gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis
pelvic pain, low ab pain
cervical motion tenderness “chandelier sign”
mucopurulent cervical discharge
complications: infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
PID
treatment for PID
broad spectrum antibiotics
common cause of UTIs
G- rods: E. coli (fecal matter)
populations prone to UTIs
women
children: vesicoureteral reflux
urinary tract obstruction (BPH, tumors, stones
indwelling catheter
bladder dysfunction/stasis: neurogenic bladder in diabetes, spinal cord injury
pregnancy
immunosuppresion
dysuria frequency urgency suprapubic pain hematuria
cysitis
cystitis symptoms + fever/chills N/V flank pain CVA tenderness
pyelonephritis
diagnosis of cystitis/pyelonephritis
confirmed by UA
common causes of UTI
E.coli -80% Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter G+: staph saprophyticus (2nd most common cause of UTI in young, sexually active women) hospitalized: serratia marcesens pseudomonas
G- rod
“swarming” motility in culture
produces urease: struvite stones (fill in renal pelvis and extend into calices “staghorn calculus”
proteus mirabilis
function of urease
hydrolyzes urea → ammonia →↑ pH of urine (more alkaline) → struvite stones (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
most common type of nosocomial infection
UTI from indwelling catheter
catheter-associated UTI in hospital
E.coli (most common)
G- rods
pseudomonas
candida
ventilator-associated pneumonia
pseudomonas
s. aureus
central line (venous catheter) infections
staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis
surgical wound/decubitus ulcers in hospital
s. aureus
parenteral nutrition (IV)
candida sepsis
outbreak of diarrhea in hospital
C.diff
highly transmissible in hospital
