hypothalamus Flashcards
what is the hormone:
bonding, love, “feel good”
released during organism
nipple stimulation → milk let down from gland to duct
uterine contractions → cervical dilation, reduce size (↓ bleeding after delivery)
oxytocin
what is the hormone:
↑ secretion in winter (shorter days)
suppresses production of FSH/LH → ↓ libido in winter
↓ secretion in spring (sun) → ↑ libido, mate
follows circadian rhythm of suprachiasmatic nucleus (peak secretion at midnight, tapers during day)
melatonin
what secretes melatonin
pineal gland
amygdala inputs
limbic cortex auditory + visualization association areas parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital obe
amygdala outputs
cortical areas of inputs
hippocampus - memory
thalamus
hypothalamus
what structure is responsible for:
signal to autonomic NS to control arterial blood pressure + HR
GI motility + secretion, defecation, urination
secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
eating: lick, chew, swallow
negative emotions: range, invasion of personal space, fear
sex response: erection, copulatory movements, ejaculation
amygdala
structures of limbic system
hippocampus amygdala fornix mamillary bodies cingulate gyrus septal nucleus
structures of limbic system
hippocampus amygdala fornix mamillary bodies cingulate gyrus septal nucleus connected to pleasure centers (emotion), prefrontal cortex (executive function, personality, problem solving, inhibition of limbic system)
lesion of mammillary bodies causes
Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome
what causes:
amensia + confabulation
ataxia
nystagmus
Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome (lesion of mammillary bodies due to thiamine deficiency)
lesion of bilateral amygdala causes
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
what causes: hyperorality - eat solid objects hypersexuality disinhibition - no fear, lose focus curiosity docile
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (lesion of bilateral amygdala, associated with HSV-1 in amygdala)
savage behavior + obesity result from stimulation
dorsomedial nucleus
savage behavior + obesity result from damage
ventromedial nucleus
stimulation leads to eating + destruction leads to anorexia
lateral nuclei
stimulation leads to ADH (vasopressin) release + destruction results in diabetes insipidus
supraoptic nucleus
the “master clock” for setting circadian rhythm
suprachiasmatic nucleus
responsible for sweating (cooling)
anterior nucleus
responsible for shivering (heating)
posterior nucleus
release of oxytocin, CRH, TRH
paraventricular nuclei
release hormones affected anterior pituitary
preoptic nucleus: GnRH
paraventricular nucleus: CRH, TRH
arcuate nucleus: pulsatile GnRH
causes satiety and stimulated by leptin
ventromedial nucleus
makes hungry and inhibited by leptin (satiety)
lateral nucleus
