HIV + drugs Flashcards
diagnosis of HIV
screening: ELISA high sensitivity (capture all positives) confirm: Western blot high specificity (identify true positives)
viral load
PCR test that quantifies how many copies of HIV RNA in blood sample
use viral load: copies of HIV RNA in blood
diagnosis:
acute infection (“window period”, 1-2 mo)
newborn of HIV+ mom was infected during peripartum
monitor effectiveness of drug therapy
ELISA and Western blot detect
antibodies to viral proteins: p24 + gp120
1-2 mo of HIV infection “window period”): asymptomatic + FN (low Ab levels) on ELISA + Western blot → use viral load
baby born to infected mother: FP (anti-gp120 crosses placenta) → determine if infected with viral load
AIDS diagnosis: immune system significantly affected by HIV
CD4 cell count
reason for cancer inHIV
immune system destroys neoplastic cells
interstitial infiltrates on CXR “ground-glass appearance on imaging”
CD4
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
mycobacterial pulmonary diseases in HIV+ patient
TB
mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC, MAI): CD4
pulmonary infections in HIV + patient
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP): CD4
neuro infections in HIV+ patient
cryptococcal meningitis toxoplasmosis 1° CNS lymphoma CMV retinintis progressive multifocal luekoencephalolpathy (PML): reactivation of latent JC virus AIDS dementia
AIDS patient with meningitis
cryptococcal meningitis
AIDS patient with ring-enhancing lesions on brain MRI
toxoplasmosis: MULTIPLE
1° CNS lymphoma: usually single
AIDS patient with CD4 count
CMV retinintis: cotton wool spots
“owl’s eye” nuclear inclusions, cells enlarged
CMV
GI infection in HIV + patient
cryptosporidiosis
