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DIT topics > lung, brain, bone, GI bugs > Flashcards

lung, brain, bone, GI bugs Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora of skin

A

staph epidermidis

when in blood: can cause bacteremia, endocarditis

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2
Q

normal flora of nose

A

staph epidermidis
staph aureus

MRSA can colonize in nose!

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3
Q

normal flora of oral cavity

A

anaerobes
staph
viridans group strep: s. mutans in cavities and dental plaques →if abnormal heart valve + dental procedure →endocarditis

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4
Q

normal flora of colon

A

anaerobe: bacteroides fragilis (most abundant)

e. coli: can enter vagina/urethra → UTI

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5
Q

normal flora of vagina

A

lactobacillus: converts glycogen → lactic acid (↓ pH - 4.0-4.5)
e.coli
aneorobes
staph: GBS (s. agalactiae) → if vertical transmission: neonatal sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia
strep

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6
Q

causes of pneumonia in neonates (

A 
GBS
E.coli
less common:
chlamydia trachomatis: long incubation (onset 4-12 wks later)
HSV
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7
Q

causes of pneumonia in children (4 wk-18 yr)

A 
RSV (most common viral cause)
s. pneumoniae (most common bacterial cause)
school-aged children = atypicals:
mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydophila pneumoniae
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8
Q

causes of pneumonia in adults (18-65 yr)

A 
s. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
influenza virus (older adults >40 yo)
atypicals:
mycoplasma pneumoniae (younger adults
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9
Q

causes of pneumonia in elderly (>65 yo)

A 
s. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
influenza virus
s. aureus
anaerobes
G- rods: e.coli (fecal matter)
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10
Q

type of pneumonia in alcoholic patient

A

s. pneumoniae (most common)
klebsiella pnuemoniae: thick bloody sputum “currant jelly sputum”
aneoraboes: aspiration

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11
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with decreased level of consciousness (aspiration pneumoniae)

A

anaerobes

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12
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with CF

A

pseudomonas

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13
Q

type of pneumonia in patient with HIV and CD4

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

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14
Q

type of pneumonia in post-influenza

A

s. pneumoniae (most common)

s. aureus (know this one!, severe, fatal)

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15
Q

type of pneumonia acquired from patio-cooling water mister

A

legionella pneumophila (think with any water source)

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16
Q

type of pneumonia after travel to SW US

A

coccidioides immitis (fungus)

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17
Q

type of pneumonia after exposure to bird/bad droppings in Ohio/Mississippi River valleys

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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18
Q

type of pneumonia due to pet parrot

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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19
Q

causes of meningitis in neonates (

A

GBS
E.coli
listeria monocytogenes

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20
Q

causes of meningitis in infant + children (

A

S. pneumoniae (most common cause in all patient)
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae type B
enterovirus: coxsackie

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21
Q

causes of meningitis in 6-60 yo

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (healthy, teenager-young adult)
enterovirus

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22
Q

causes of meningitis in elderly (60+ yo)

A

s. pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes
G- rods

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23
Q

meningitis in unvaccinated child

A

H. influenzae type B

24
Q

meningitis in outbreak in dorm

A

N. meningitidis

25
Q

meningitis in patient with HIV

A

cryptococcus neoformans (stains with india ink)

26
Q

RBC in CSF + temporal lobe involvement on MRI

A

HSV encephalitis

27
Q

meningitis with petechial rash

A

N. meningitidis

28
Q 
fever
severe headache
nuchal rigidity
photophobia
AMS
A

meningitis

29
Q

diagnosis of meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

30
Q

G+ diplococci in CSF

A

s. pneumoniae

31
Q

G- diplococci in CSF

A

N. meningitidis

32
Q

G- coccobacili in CSF

A

H. influenzae

33
Q

G+ rods in CSF

A

listeria monocytogenes

34
Q

empiric treatment of meningitis

A

broad spectrum:

ceftriaxone + vancomycin +/- ampicillin (use if suspect listeria)

35
Q

vomiting 1-6 hrs after eating reheated rice

A

food with B. cereus
ingest PREFORMED toxin = RAPID onset
VOMIT main sx

36
Q

vomit + water diarrhea on cruise

A

norovirus
very contagious: person-to-person or food that someone with norovirus touched or put secretions on
VOMIT main sx

37
Q

watery diarrhea 12 hrs after meat or poultry from cafeteria

A

food with clostridium perfringens
SPORES survive high temps
meat cooked but left out → spores germinate and grow → ingest
WATERY diarrhea

38
Q

inflammatory diarrhea after eating undercooked hamburger meat, followed by acute renal failure

A

food with E. coli O157:H7
BLOODY diarrhea
can cause HUS esp children

39
Q

inflammatory diarrhea 1-3 days after eating undercooked meat/poultry, eggs or produce

A

food with salmonella

40
Q

vomit 1-6 hrs after eating potato salad at picnic unrefrigerated

A

food with s. aureus:
ingest PREFORMED toxin = RAPID onset
VOMIT (not diarrhea)

41
Q

inflammatory diarrhea after eating raw seafood

A

food with vibrio

42
Q

inflammatory diarrhea followed by ascending paralysis

A

food with camplyobacter jejuni

ASCENDING paralysis = gullian barre syndrome

43
Q

leukocytes in stool
fever
ab pain
blood or mucus in diarrhea

A

inflammatory diarrhea: invasion into intestine

44
Q

inflammatory diarrhea after eating undercooked poultry

A

food with camplyobacter jejuni

45
Q

descending paralysis after ingestion of homemade canned goods

A

food with clostridium botulinum
spores germinate → produce toxin → inhibit release of Ach
babies with honey: ingest spore → grow and colonize GI and produce toxin →constipation, “floppy baby”
DESCENDING paralysis

46
Q

ways of transmission for osteomyelitis

A

hematogenous spread
contiguous extension from nearby infection (started in soft tissue)
direct inoculation: trauma, surgery

47
Q

systemic: fever, chills
pain, redness, swelling in region
leukocytosis
↑ESR and CRP

A

osteomyelitis

48
Q

diagnosis of osteomyelitis

A

gold standard: bone biopsy + culture
(won’t show up on xray til wks later)
MRI
radionuclide bone scan

49
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

s. aureus

50
Q

osteomyelitis in patient with sickle cell disease

A

salmonella!!

51
Q

osteomyelitis in patient with prosthetic device

A

s. epidermidis

52
Q

osteomyelitis involving of vertebrae

A

myocbacterium tuberculosis (TB in spine = Pott’s disease: verebral collapse, spinal cord damage)

53
Q

osteomyelitis following cat bite

A

pasteurella multocida

54
Q

osteomyelitis in IVDU

A

s. aureus
pseudomonas
serratia
candida

55
Q

osteomyelitis in diabetic with foot ulcer

A

polymicrobial: pseudomonas, anaerobes

56
Q

osteomyelitis following puncture wound to foot through sneaker

A

pseudomonas

57
Q

aspiration pneumonia (consider if delerius - in hospital)

A

polymicrobial

anaerobes

DIT topics (115 decks)

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