nervous system basics Flashcards
glial support cell that provides: physical support to neurons removes excess NT repairs neurons outside layer of BBB forms scar tissue in CNS in response to neural injury (reactive gliosis)
astrocytes
tumor marker for glioblastoma (astrocyte tumor)
↑GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein
glial support cell that is a CNS phagocyte (cleans tissue damage)
microglia
microglia response when infected with HIV
microglia fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in CNS
glial cell that myelinates the axons of CNS neurons
oligodendrocytes
glial cells that myelinates the axons of PNS neurons
Schwann cells
predominant glial cell type in white matter
oligodendrocytes
how many CNS axons can ONE oligodendrocyte myelinate?
30ish CNS axons
glial cell with “fried egg” appearance
oligodendrocytes
cell types with a “fried egg” appearance: large clear cytoplasm
oligodendrocytes
koilocyte in HPV
testicular seminoma cell
glial cell injured in multiple sclerosis
oligodendrocyte
glial cell injured in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
oligodendrocyte
glial cell injured in leukodystrophies
oligodendrocyte
how many PNS axons can a schwann cell myelinate?
1 PNS axon
how many oligodendrocytes per 1 CNS axon?
1 oligodendrocyte
how many schwann cells per 1 PNS axon?
many schwann celll
glial cell injured in guillain-barre syndrome
schwann cell
type of schwannoma located in internal acoustic meatus (CN 8)
acoustic neuroma
BI-lateral acoustic neuromas
neurofibromatosis type 2 (bi)
glial cell that promotes axonal regeneration (of the PNS)
schwann cell
Nissl substance found in
dendrites + cell bodies (NOT AXONS)
= rough endoplasmic reticulum
3 structures of blood barrier
nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells with tight junctions
basement membrane of capillary endothelial cells
astrocyte foot processes
how does glucose + amino acids cross the BBB?
slowly - via carrier-mediated transport
how does nonpolar/lipid (anesthetic) cross the BBB?
rapidly - via diffusion
brain areas with fenestrated capillaries (no BBB)
posterior pituitary: ADH, oxytocin released directly into the blood
stroke (infarction), trauma, tumor destroys BBB tight junctions → causes
cerebral edema
tx: mannitol (diuretic) ↓ICP
components of the reticular activating system
reticular formation
locus ceruleus: NE
raphe nuclei: 5HT
function of RAS
mediates: consciousness wakefulness attentiveness lesion: ↓NE/5HT in brain→coma
main inhibitory NT of spinal cord
glycine
main excitatory NT of CNS
glutamate
main inhibitory NT of CNS
GABA