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DIT topics > breast > Flashcards

breast Flashcards

1
Q

infection of breast due to S aureus
associated with breastfeeding →cracking of nipples → cellulitis → breast abscess
red, pain, fever

A

acute mastitis

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2
Q

treatment of acute mastitis

A

antibiotics
if feel mass:
continue breastfeeding during mastitis (bacteria in milk not dangerous to infant)
if refuse to breastfeed: pump to clear infected fluid

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3
Q

breast tissue in men

A

gynecomastia

due to ↑ estrogen levels

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4
Q

conditions that cause gynecomastia

A

hyperestrogenism: testicular tumors (release estrogen), cirrhosis, Klinefelter syndrome (testicular atrophy), puberty

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5
Q

drugs that cause gynecomastia

A 
STACKED
Spironolactone
THC (marijuana)
Alcohol (chronic)
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Estrogens
Digoxin
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6
Q

most common cause of breast lumps in women 25-50 yo
fluctuate in size with hormone levels
breast pain (just before period), regresses after period (check again 1 week after period)
multiple bilateral breast lesions

A

non-proliferative breast changes (fibrocystic)

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7
Q

breast tumors don’t change size with

A

menstrual cycle

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8
Q

“blue dome” cysts

A

fibrocystic changes of breast

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9
Q

food causes of nonproliferative breast changes

A

caffeine
dietary fat
tx: stop intake

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10
Q

most common breast TUMOR in women under 25 yo

A

fibroadenoma

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11
Q

looks like fat necrosis but no history of trauma or breast surgery

A

complex sclerosing lesion

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12
Q

calcifications present

A

sclerosing adenosis

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13
Q

radial scar

A

complex sclerosing lesion

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14
Q

small, firm mass with regular edges
MOBILE
↑ size with estrogen exposure: pregnancy, menstruation
no risk of cancer

A

fibroadenoma

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15
Q

small tumor inside lactiferous ducts beneath the aerola

A

intraductal papilloma

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16
Q

serous “straw-colored” or bloody nipple discharge

small increase in cancer risk

A

intraductal papilloma

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17
Q

LARGE, bulky tumor
“leaf-like” projections
50 yo
small increase in cancer risk

A

phyllodes tumor

18
Q

“leaf-like” projections

A

phyllodes tumor

19
Q

most common cancer in women

A

breast cancer

20
Q

most common age of breast cancer

A

menopause

21
Q

most important prognostic indicator for breast cancer

A

axillary lymph node involvement at time of diagnosis

22
Q

risk factors for breast cancer

A

estrogen exposure - main one: early menarche, late menopause, fewer pregnancy, less time breastfeeding, older age at 1st live birth, obesity
family history
BRCA mutation
HNPCC (lynch syndrome)

23
Q

overexpressed estrogen + progesterone receptors or HER2/neu receptor (ErbB2 gene)

A

in breast cancer tissue

targets for chemotherapy

24
Q

triple negative: ER-, PR-, Her2/neu- prognosis

A

more aggressive

25
Q

breast cancer that arises from ductal hyperplasia → fill lumen of duct
no penetration of BM

A

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

26
Q

eczema-like patches on nipple and areola suggesting underlying carcinoma

A

paget disease of breast

the underlying carcinoma = DCIS

27
Q

large cancer cells in epidermis with clear halo

A

Paget cells

28
Q

caseous necrosis

A

comedocarcinoma: subtype of DCIS

29
Q

signet ring cells

A

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

mucinous material in cell pushes nucleus out to periphery

*also seen in kruckenburg tumor (gastroadenocarcinoma with mets to ovary)

30
Q

firm, “rock-hard” mass with sharp margins

FIXED, immobile (feels like fibroadenoma, need bx)

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

31
Q

breast cancer is:

small glandular, duct-like cells with a stellate pattern

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

32
Q

most common breast MASS in postmenopausal woman

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

33
Q

breast cancer with worst prognosis and most invasive

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

34
Q

breast cancer is:
multiple, BILATERAL
ER+, PR+, signet ring cells

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

35
Q

associated with inactivation of e-cadherin genes

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

36
Q

breast cancer with fleshy, cellular mass with lymphocytic infiltrates

A

medullary carcinoma

37
Q

inflammatory carcinoma signs

A

peau d’ orange: lymph obstruction + edema
dimpling of breast
nipple retraction: duct pulling on nipple

38
Q

treatment of breast cancer

A

SERMs: tamoxifen, raloxifene

aromatase inhibitor: anastrozole

39
Q

most common breast mass in premenopausal women

A

fibrocystic change

40
Q

multiple bilateral fluid-filled lesions with diffuse breast pain

A

fibrocystic change of breast

41
Q

firm fibrous mass in 55 yo woman

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

DIT topics (115 decks)

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