reproductive anatomy Flashcards
location where sperm are made
seminiferous tubules of testes
ejaculatory duct (ends in prostatic urethra) is formed by
seminal vesicle (above prostate) + vas deferens fluid of seminal vesicle + sperm of vas deferens mix in the ejaculatory duct to form semen
produces mucous for lubrication in the urethra
cowper gland (bulbourethral)
layers of penis (outside to inside)
outer dermis
Dartos fascia (superficial)
Buck’s fascia (deep)
3 cylinindrical masses of erectile tissue are encased by tunica albuginea
dorsal: corpus cavernosa
ventral: corpus spongiosum (urethra inside)
ligament connects ovary to pelvic sidewall
contains OVARIAN vessels
suspensory ligament of ovaries (infundibulopelvic ligament)
ligament connects cervix to pelvic sidewall
contains UTERINE vessels
Cardinal ligament = Cervix
ligament connects uterine fundus (below ovarian ligament) → inguinal canal → labia majora
round ligament of uterus
double-fold of peritoneum that connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and to the pelvic side wall
contains the ovarian ligament + round ligament + suspensory ligament
broad ligament
ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral uterus
ovarian ligament
female pelvic ligaments that derived from the gubernaculum
round ligament of uterus
ovarian ligament
what nerve can cause these injuries (during childbirth, surgery, cyclist): genital and perineal numbness/pain fecal incontinence urinary incontinence ED
pudendal nerve: from sacral plexus (S2-S4)
what nerve innervates these: SENSATION to perineum + genitals (penis + clitoris) MOTOR to these perineal muscles: base of penis - help with erection external anal sphincter external urethral sphincter
pudendal nerve
gonadal arteries (ovary, testes) are a branch of the
abdominal aorta (directly come off it)
R gonadal vein drains into the
IVC
L gonadal vein drains into the
L renal vein → IVC
“bag of worms” in L scrotum
worse with valsalva
improves with lying down
varicocele
left venous pressure > right venous pressure due to 90° the L gonadal vein takes when entering the L renal vein
if L gonadal vein is compressed:
poor venous return →enlarged pampiniform plexus
most blood in the pelvis is supplied by what artery
internal illiac artery
what lymph nodes drain:
2/3 proximal vagina, uterus, cervix, prostate
external illiac nodes
internal illiac nodes (hypogastric): includes obturator nodes
not palpable
what lymph nodes drain:
1/3 distal vagina, vulva, scrotum
superficial inguinal nodes
palpable
what lymph nodes drain:
ovary, testes
para-aortic lymph nodes
if too late in labor process to do an epidural, an alternative is a
pudendal nerve block
palpate ischial spine → inject local anesthetic toward ischial spine to block sensation to the perineum
enters the deep (internal) inguinal ring LATERAL to inferior epigastric artery → inguinal canal → superficial (external) inguinal ring → scrotum (has all 3 layers of spermatic fascia)
indirect inguinal hernia
congenital hernia due to failure of the rest of the processus vaginalis (outpouching of peritoneum) to obliterate after descent into scrotum and covering of the testes by the tunica vaginalis
indirect inguinal hernia:
results in connection between peritoneal cavity and scrotum
will either cause a hydrocele (fill with fluid) or indirect inguinal hernia
enters through Hesselbach triangle MEDIAL to inferior epigastric artery → superficial (external) inguinal ring
covered by external spermatic fascia only
direct inguinal hernia
hernia in older men due to weakened abdominal wall in Hesselbach’s triangle from constipation, cough, lifting
direct inguinal hernia
hernia more common in females
femoral hernia
protrudes from femoral ring → femoral canal (below inguinal ligament)
femoral hernia
leading cause of small bowel incarceration
femoral hernia
contents of bowel in hernia get trapped (irreducible) → venous + lymph obstructed → edema
incarceration
complication of incarceration:
contents of bowel in hernia → edema → ↓ arterial blood supply → ischemia + necrosis
strangulation
nerve that can be injured after prostatectomy
cavernous nerve (parasympathetic - point) - sits on top of prostate
complication of varicocele
infertility (↑ temperature)
