common brain lesions + aphasia Flashcards
nonfluent (expressive) aphasia = can't generate language to speak or write = poor verbal expression \+ intact comprehension (understand)
broca’s aphasia
BROKen speech + writing
inability to form a complete sentence or words in wrong order is an example of what type of aphasia = poor verbal expression
nonfluent aphasia (in broca’s aphasia)
fluent aphasia
+
receptive aphasia = impaired comprehension = can’t understand speech or written word
wernicke’s aphasia
location of broca’s area
inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe (dominant hemisphere, usually left)
location of wernicke’s area
superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe (dominant hemisphere, usually left)
words in sentences don’t make sense is an example of what type of aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia = What?
nonfluent aphasia + impaired comprehension
global aphasia (broca’s + wernicke areas affected)
poor repetition but fluent speech + intact comprehension
no connection between what hear and what you want to express verbally
conduction aphasia (damaged arcuate fasiculus)
inability to express emotion or inflection in speech (monotone, blunted affect)
expressive dysprosody (non-dominant broca’s area, usually right hemisphere)
inability to comprehend emotion or inflection in speech (can’t understand sarcasm)
receptive dysprosody (non-dominant wernicke’s area, usually right hemisphere)
lesion to bilateral mammillary bodies (limbic) causes this syndrome
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
confusion
ataxia
nystagmus
opthalmoplegia
memory loss (anterograde + retrograde amnesia)
confabulation (make things up because don’t remember)
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome: B1 deficiency (thiamine) most commonly due to alcoholism CAN of beer: Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus
lesion to the substantia nigra of basal ganglia (regulates movement) causes this
parkinson’s disease: hypokinesis
lesion to the basal ganglia (regulates movement) causes this
Huntington’s chorea: hyperkinesis
subthalamic basal ganglia lesion causes
hemiballism: move one arm like throwing it
lesion that causes ipsilateral limb deficits - fall TOWARD the lesion: intention tremor (only when moving arm) limb ataxia
cerebellar hemisphere lesion
LATERALLY located = affects limbs (LATERAL)
lesion that causes:
truncal ataxia
dysarthria: can’t move lips,tongue
cerebellar vermis lesion
CENTRALLY located = affects trunk (CENTRAL)
lesion that causes anterograde amesia (can’t make new memories)
bilateral hippocampus (limbic) lesion
lesion that causes eyes to look AWAY from side of lesion
lesion to paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF - pons)
lesion that causes eyes to look TOWARD lesion
frontal eye fields
lesion that causes paralysis of upward gaze (only can look down)
superior colliculi (parinaud’s syndrome)
lesion that causes reduced arousal, stupor, coma
reticular activating system (midbrain)
lesion that causes disinhibition of limbic system, poor judgement, reemergence of primitive reflexes (root, grasp)
frontal lobe lesion
lesion that causes you to not balance a check, think logically
prefrontal cortex lesion
lesion that causes hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior (lose focus, curious)
bilateral amygdala: Kluver-Bucy syndrome
lesion that causes hemispatial neglect: agnosia of contralateral side of world
non-dominant parietal lobe (usually right)
lesion that causes agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia (can’t distinguish fingers), left-right disorientation
angular gyrus in dominant parietal lobe (usually left): Gerstmann syndrome
conditions that predispose to berry aneurysms in the circle of willis
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Polycystic Kidney Disease
