common brain lesions + aphasia

Question 1

nonfluent (expressive) aphasia = can't generate language to speak or write = poor verbal expression
\+
intact comprehension (understand)

Answer 1

broca’s aphasia

BROKen speech + writing

Question 2

inability to form a complete sentence or words in wrong order is an example of what type of aphasia = poor verbal expression

Answer 2

nonfluent aphasia (in broca’s aphasia)

Question 3

fluent aphasia
+
receptive aphasia = impaired comprehension = can’t understand speech or written word

Answer 3

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 4

location of broca’s area

Answer 4

inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe (dominant hemisphere, usually left)

Question 5

location of wernicke’s area

Answer 5

superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe (dominant hemisphere, usually left)

Question 6

words in sentences don’t make sense is an example of what type of aphasia

Answer 6

Wernicke’s aphasia = What?

Question 7

nonfluent aphasia + impaired comprehension

Answer 7

global aphasia (broca’s + wernicke areas affected)

Question 8

poor repetition but fluent speech + intact comprehension

no connection between what hear and what you want to express verbally

Answer 8

conduction aphasia (damaged arcuate fasiculus)

Question 9

inability to express emotion or inflection in speech (monotone, blunted affect)

Answer 9

expressive dysprosody (non-dominant broca’s area, usually right hemisphere)

Question 10

inability to comprehend emotion or inflection in speech (can’t understand sarcasm)

Answer 10

receptive dysprosody (non-dominant wernicke’s area, usually right hemisphere)

Question 11

lesion to bilateral mammillary bodies (limbic) causes this syndrome

Answer 11

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 12

confusion
ataxia
nystagmus
opthalmoplegia
memory loss (anterograde + retrograde amnesia)
confabulation (make things up because don’t remember)

Answer 12

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome: B1 deficiency (thiamine) most commonly due to alcoholism
CAN of beer:
Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus

Question 13

lesion to the substantia nigra of basal ganglia (regulates movement) causes this

Answer 13

parkinson’s disease: hypokinesis

Question 14

lesion to the basal ganglia (regulates movement) causes this

Answer 14

Huntington’s chorea: hyperkinesis

Question 15

subthalamic basal ganglia lesion causes

Answer 15

hemiballism: move one arm like throwing it

Question 16

lesion that causes ipsilateral limb deficits - fall TOWARD the lesion:
intention tremor (only when moving arm)
limb ataxia

Answer 16

cerebellar hemisphere lesion

LATERALLY located = affects limbs (LATERAL)

Question 17

lesion that causes:
truncal ataxia
dysarthria: can’t move lips,tongue

Answer 17

cerebellar vermis lesion

CENTRALLY located = affects trunk (CENTRAL)

Question 18

lesion that causes anterograde amesia (can’t make new memories)

Answer 18

bilateral hippocampus (limbic) lesion

Question 19

lesion that causes eyes to look AWAY from side of lesion

Answer 19

lesion to paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF - pons)

Question 20

lesion that causes eyes to look TOWARD lesion

Answer 20

frontal eye fields

Question 21

lesion that causes paralysis of upward gaze (only can look down)

Answer 21

superior colliculi (parinaud’s syndrome)

Question 22

lesion that causes reduced arousal, stupor, coma

Answer 22

reticular activating system (midbrain)

Question 23

lesion that causes disinhibition of limbic system, poor judgement, reemergence of primitive reflexes (root, grasp)

Answer 23

frontal lobe lesion

Question 24

lesion that causes you to not balance a check, think logically

Answer 24

prefrontal cortex lesion

Question 25

lesion that causes hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior (lose focus, curious)

Answer 25

bilateral amygdala: Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Question 26

lesion that causes hemispatial neglect: agnosia of contralateral side of world

Answer 26

non-dominant parietal lobe (usually right)

Question 27

lesion that causes agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia (can’t distinguish fingers), left-right disorientation

Answer 27

angular gyrus in dominant parietal lobe (usually left): Gerstmann syndrome

Question 28

conditions that predispose to berry aneurysms in the circle of willis

Answer 28

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Polycystic Kidney Disease