pediatrics

Question 1

1 and 5 minutes after delivery
0-10 scale
APGAR:
Appearance: color (0 = cyanotic, 1 = acrocyanosis = blue hands or feet with pink body, 2 = pink )
Pulse (0 = absent, 1 = 100)
Grimace (0 = no response to stimulation, 2 = cry, pull away from stimulus)
Activity (0 = limp, floppy, 2 = flexed arms/legs/resistance)
Respiration (0 = absent, 1 = gasping, 2 = crying)

Answer 1

apgar scar (4 star)

Question 2

most common cause of meningitis in neonates

Answer 2

GBS
E.coli
Listeria

Question 3

most common cause of pneumonia in neonates

Answer 3

GBS

E.coli

Question 4

empiric treatment for neonate with any kind infection

Answer 4

ampicilin + gentamicin

Question 5

low birth weight for neonate

Question 6

complications of low birth weight

Answer 6

infection + sepsis
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
necrotizing enterocolitis
intraventricular hemorrhages
persistent fetal circulation
SIDS

Question 7

2-4 mo old (increased risk up to 4 mo, then decreases)
infant is sleeping
maternal risk factors: low SES, age

Answer 7

sudden infant death syndrome

Question 8

prevention of SIDS

Answer 8

"back to sleep"
avoid co-sleeping + smoke exposure
breastfeeding
use pacifer when sleeping
fan in room

Question 9

cause of SIDS

Answer 9

airway obstruction:
external (pillow)
internal (floppy airways, mucus)
↑CO2: doesn’t respond or isn’t able to respond → no change in position or alteration of breathing

Question 10

no parental consent required when treating a minor

Answer 10

1) emancipated minor: >16 yo, has job, carrying for own offspring, serving in armed services
2) treatment of STD
3) treatment of pregnancy (except abortion)
4) treatment of drug addiction/dependency
5) treatment of child of a minor
6) prescribing birth control in clinic (not school)
7) emergency situations