immunization + amyloidosis Flashcards
vaccines with active immunization
tetanus
influenza
MMR
pneumococcal
rabies exposure protocol
passive immunization: rabies Ig
active immunization: vaccine
tetanus exposure protocol
passive: tetanus Ig (sometimes)
active: vaccine
hepatitis B exposure protocol
passive immunization: HepB Ig
active immunization: vaccine
passive immunization given to patients after exposure to
To Be Healed Rapidly Tetanus Botulinum HBV Rabies
live attenuated viral vaccine
CELLULAR immunity:
allow weakened virus to infect cell → allow for presentation of infected cells to CTLs → kill cell + some CTLs become memory CTLs (dormant = lifelong immunity)
contraindication for live viral vaccine
immunocompromised or patients around immunocompromised
EXCEPT if HIV CD4 count >200 can get: MMR, varicella, yellow fever
inactivated or killed viral vaccine
virus doesn’t infect cell (not cell-mediated immunity)
HUMORAL immunity
antigen recognized by Abs on B cells → antibodies produced against virus
induce production of memory helper T cells (not long-lived - need BOOSTER)
examples of inactivated/killed viral vaccines
IM influenza
HAV
Rabies
Salk polio vaccine (injected)
egg-based viral vaccine (grown inside egg)
influenza vaccine
yellow fever vaccine
MMR (little - not problem)
bacterial vaccines target
toxins: tentanus toxoid (T-dependent response)
polysaccharides of capsule (need booster, T-independent)
influenza
HBV
s. pneumoniae (elderly)
conjugate vaccine: (conjugated to protein for T-dependent response):
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
killed bacteria: vibrio cholerae
live attenuated bacteria: typhoid vaccine
BCG vaccine against TB
mechanism of bacterial vaccines
bacteria don’t infect cells
no cellular response
HUMORAL B cell response
toxin or polysaccharide capsule bacterial vaccines require
conjugated to peptide antigen = allow for T-independent antigens to become T-dependent antigens induce a better immune response + memory: peptides are presented on MHCs so thymus needs to present peptides to T cells during selection allows for helper T cells activation → IL-4, IL-5 → T cell helps to activate B cells for class switching: IgM→more abundant IgG
non-peptide antigens in vaccines result in
non-peptide antigens = thymus independent antigens can't be presented on MHC not presented to T cells in thymus no helper T cell response→ weaker B cell response→ weaker memory NEED BOOSTERS
lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on G-s in a vaccine requires
conjugated to peptide antigen = thymus dependent antigens→
more lasting immune response
