other vascular diseases Flashcards
arterial vasospasm →↓ blood flow to fingers +/- toes
pallor (white) → cyanosis - deoxygenated blood trapped (blue) → reperfusion once spasm resolves (red)
caused by: cold temps, emotional stress (symp activation)
raynaud phenomenon
diseases with raynaud phenomenon
idiopathic = Raynaud disease mixed CT disease thromboangiitis obliterans = Buerger disease (smokers) lupus CREST scleroderma
treatment for raynaud phenomenon
avoid cold: shift from warm to cold triggers vasospasm
dihydropyridine CCB: vasodilators
congenital disorder affecting capillaries
intracranial AV malformation: leptomeningeal angioma (can affect meninges + eye) → seizures, early-onset glaucoma, intellectual disability, hemiplegia
sturge-weber disease
port-wine stain (purple red) in ophthalmic or maxillary (V1/V2) division of trigeminal nerve - DOESN’T regress
intracranial AV malformation deeper in brain
sturge-weber disease
differential for red, skin lesions (vascular tumors)
sturge-weber disease strawberry hemangioma cherry hemangioma pyogenic granuloma glomus tumor bacillary angiomatosis angiosarcoma lymphangiosarcoma kaposi sarcoma
pink red
benign hemangioma of cutaneous surface capillaries in infants
grows for up to 6 mo → spontaneously regress (gone by 8 yo)
strawberry hemangioma
benign hemangioma of cutaneous surface capillaries
DOESN’T regress, more as age
cherry hemangioma
RAISED capillary hemangioma - can ulcerate and bleed
associated with trauma + pregnancy (lips + gums)
pyogenic granuloma
cavernous lymphangioma of neck
associated with Turner syndrome
cystic hygroma
neck pathology associated with turner syndrome
cystic hygroma
webbing of neck
benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails
glomus tumor
caused by bartonella henselae
benign capillary skin papules in AIDS patients (mistaken for kaposi sarcoma - must do skin biopsy to confirmd diagnosis for either)
bacillary angiomatosis
types of kaposi sarcoma
indolent: older men, mediterranean descent
endemic: sub-saharan africa
infected with HHV-8: AIDS (KS is an aids-defining illness if HIV+)
endothelial malignancy of skin (also mouth, GI tract, respiratory tract)
kaposi sarcoma
blood vessel malignancy
usually in face, scalp, neck, breast
associated with prior radiation therapy
angiosarcoma
lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphedema (persistent lymphedma after mastectomy)
lymphangiosarcoma
