oropharynx: tongue, salivary gland, cleft lip/palate, nose, sinus, tonsils/adenoids Flashcards
inflammation of tongue caused by vitamin B deficiency (riboflavin, niacin, pyrodoxine) or iron deficiency
“beefy red” or smoothing
glossitis
area of keratosis on mucous membranes
most common in smokers
luekoplakia
no oral hairy luekoplakia (side of tongue - caused by EBV in HIV)
candida albicans
seen in infancy + immunocompromised
oral thrush
caused by HSV-1 (rarely HSV-2)
oral herpes
painful ulcer associated with: trauma, citrus fruits, stress, food allergies, vitamin B12 deficiency, chron’s disease
aphthous ulcer
salivary glands
parotid gland: watery (serous), CN 7 runs through it
sublinguinal gland: thick
submandibular gland
ALL: contains α-amylase (break down starch), bicarbonate, mucins (lubricate), IgA, growth factors (renew epithelium)
autonomic stimulation of saliva secretion
sympathetic stimulation via superior cervical ganglion: thick (need water)
parasympathetic stimulation via CN 7 + CN 9: watery (eat food)
drying of mouth
associated with sjogren syndrome (+ dry eye)
xerostomia
stone blocking the salivary gland duct → acute pain, swelling in submandibular gland or stensen duct (parotid gland)
treat with sour candy, chew gum →↑ saliva stimulation unclogs duct
sialolithiasis
sialadenitis: inflammation or infection of salivary gland (may be due to sialolithiasis)
most common bacteria
s. aureus
viridans group streptococci
drugs that cause xerostomia
anticholinergics
antihistamines
women: 20-40 yo most common salivary gland tumor + benign tumor benign tumor of parotid gland epithelial + mesenchymal cells ↑ risk with radiation can lead to CN 7 injury
pleomorphic adneoma
second most common benign salivary tumor
warthin tumor
most common malignant tumor and second most common overall
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
benign or malignant based on location
parotid: 70% malignant
most salivary gland tumors occur in
parotid gland
failure of maxillary + medial nasal processes to fuse
difficulty sucking for breastfeeding
cleft lip
failure of lateral palatine processes, nasal septum, and median palantine process to fuse
cleft palate
folate deficiency can cause
cleft lip and/or cleft palate
inflammation of mucous membranes inside nose:
congestion
rhinorrhea
post-nasal drip
rhinitis
common causes of infectious rhinitis (common cold)
coronavirus
rhinovirus
adenovirus
echovirus
triggered by airborne allergens (pollen, dander)
treat with intranasal steroids, oral antihistamines
allergic rhinitis
overgrowth of mucosa (usually accompany allergic rhinitis)
treat with intranasal steroids or remove
nasal polyps
potent vasoconstrictor → ischemia → perforate nasal mucosa
cocaine
blocked eustachian tube by mucus or inflammation
treat with intranasal steroids
eustachian tube dysfunction
long-term allergic or infectious rhinitis → acute bacterial sinusitis (due to mucous stagnant in sinus for too long)
facial pain
fever
purulent nasal discharge
sinusitis: frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid
sore throat
pain with swallowing
if recurrent episodes: consider removing tonsils
tonsilitis
most common cause of tonsilitis
s. pyogenes (strep throat)
benign cystic lesion
double layer of columnar epithelium around cyst
stroma of tumor is lymphoid-like
warthin tumor
