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DIT topics > GI embryology + basics > Flashcards

GI embryology + basics Flashcards

1
Q

esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

A

foregut

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2
Q

distal duodenum → proximal 2/3 transverse colon (to splenic flexure)

A

midgut

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3
Q

distal 1/3 transverse colon → sigmoid → upper rectum (to pectinate line)

A

hindgut

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4
Q

foregut arterial supply

A

celiac trunk

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5
Q

innervation of foregut + midgut

A

vagus nerve - parasympathetic

splanchnic nerve - sympathetic

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6
Q

midgut arterial supply

A

SMA

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7
Q

hindgut arterial supply

A

IMA

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8
Q

innervation of hindgut

A

pelvic splanghnic nerve - parasympathetic

lumbar splanchnic nerve - sympathetic

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9
Q

layers of gut wall

A

MSMS (inside to out)
Mucosa: epithelium (absorption), lamina propria (support), muscularis mucosa (motility)
Submucosa: Submucosal plexus (Meissner)
Muscularis externa: inner circular + outer longitudinal mm., Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)
Serosa: when intraperitoneal (adventitia when retroperitoneal)

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10
Q 
PROJECTILE VOMIT (NON-BILIOUS)
PALPABLE KNOT ("OLIVE") in pyloric region
thickening of pylorus muscularis
A

hypertrophic pyoric stenosis

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11
Q 
incomplete recanalization of bile duct during development of bile duct
shortly after birth:
DARK URINE
CLAY-COLORED STOOLS
JAUNDICE
A

extrahepatic biliary atresia

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12
Q

abnormal fusion of ventral + dorsal pancreatic buds → forms constricting ring around duodenum → BILIOUS VOMIT (shortly after birth)

A

annular pancreas

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13
Q

persisting remnant of vitelline duct → forms outpouch in ileum → ulcerations, bleeding

A

Meckel diverticulum

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14
Q

mickel diverticulum presentation

A 
rule of 2's:
2 inches long
2 feet from ileocecal valve
2% of population
presents within first 2 years of life
may have 2 types of epithelium: gastric, pancreatic
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15
Q

normal 270° rotation is not complete → cecum and appendix in UPPER ABDOMEN
6 wk GA: midgut herniates through umbilical ring
10 wk GA: returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA
associated with volvulus (twisting of intestine) → obstruction

A

malrotation of midgut

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16
Q

midgut development involves rotation

A

6 wk GA: midgut herniates through umbilical ring

10 wk GA: returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

17
Q

failure of normal recanalization of lumen

present with failure to thrive

A

intestinal stenosis/atresia

18
Q 
failure of neural crest cells to migrate to colon → no peristalsis
constipation
abdominal distention
no first meconium stool
BM precipitated by DRE
A

Hirschsprung Disease

19
Q

improper formation of urorectal septum, may cause:
rectovesical fistula (anus to bladder)
rectovaginal fistula
rectourethral fistula

A

anal agenesis (no anal opening)

20
Q

extruding viscera COVERED by sac (sac composed of peritoneum + amnion)
liver often found protruding
other anomalies: 50%: GI, GU, CV, CNS, MSK

A

Omphalocele = OMG its worse!

21
Q

extruding viscera NOT covered by sac
liver DOESN’T protrude
other anomalies less common: 10-15%
defect lateral to umbilicus (R>L)

A

gastroschisis

22
Q

most common tracheoesophageal anomaly

A 
esophageal atresia (blind pouch) 
distal TEF (lower esophagus binds to trachea)
23
Q

watershed area of intestine:
receives blood supply from distal branches of 2 arteries (SMA + IMA)
occlusion of 1 vessel, other vessel ok → no infarction
systemic hypotension → affected first (most terminal branch of arteries)

A

splenic flexure

24
Q

branches of celiac trunk

A

L gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

25
Q

branches of common hepatic artery

A

proper hepatic artery
right gastric artery
gastroduodenal artery

26
Q

branches of gastroduodenal artery

A

anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

right gastroomental artery

27
Q

ligament that connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

A

gastrocolic ligament

28
Q

ligament that connects greater curvature of stomach to spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

29
Q

ligaments cut if removing spleen (ITP, hereditary spherocytosis, trauma)

A

gastrosplenic ligament

splenorenal ligament

30
Q

ligament that connects spleen to posterior abdominal wall

A

splenorenal ligament

31
Q

ligament that connects less curvature of stomach to liver

A

gastrohepatic ligament

32
Q

access lesser sac (posterior to stomach) need to cut

A

gastrohepatic ligament

33
Q

ligament that connects connects liver to duodenum (and continuos with gastrohepatic ligament)

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

34
Q

ligament that contains portal triad (hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein) and can be compressed to control bleeding

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

35
Q

ligament that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform ligament

36
Q

GI problems associated with down syndrome

A

duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung disease
annular pancreas
celiac disase

DIT topics (115 decks)

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