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DIT topics > MSK injuries > Flashcards

MSK injuries Flashcards

1
Q

joint space is a type of potential space

A

similar to pleural or pericardial space

negative hydrostatic pressure → draws fluid into it

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2
Q

most common type of hip dislocation

A

posterior dislocation:
femoral head slips out of acetabulum posteriorly
can occur from MVA

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3
Q

structures injured in posterior hip dislocation

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries: br. of deep femoral artery (below greater trocanter, ring around upper femur, supplies femoral neck)
femoral vein
femoral nerve
head of femur

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4
Q

tx of posterior hip dislocation

A

closed (no surgery) reduction (put bone back in place) by pulling on femur with continous traction

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5
Q

unhappy triad

A

lateral force applied to planted leg
MCL
ACL
lateral meniscus (more common) or medial meniscus (attached to MCL, part of original definition)

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6
Q

anterior drawer test

A

pull tibia anteriorly

suggests ACL injury

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7
Q

ACL

A

attaches to tibia anteriorly

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8
Q

PCL

A

attaches to tibia posteriorly

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9
Q

most common cause of knee pain

A

patellofemoral syndrome

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10
Q

anterior knee pain that worsens with activity

no tender tendon

A

patellofemoral syndrome

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11
Q

cause of patellofemoral syndrome

A

contact between back of patella and distal femur

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12
Q

pain when palpate inferior patellar tendon

A

patellar tendonitis

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13
Q

treatment of patellofemoral syndrome

A

strengthen quad muscles
stretch exercises: hamstrings, calves, hip, iliotibial band
minimize activities that put stress on knee (squat, kneel, jog, bike)
maximize walking: keep knee moving

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14
Q

caused by friction/pressure anterior to patella

A

prepatellar bursitis = “housemaid’s knee” = on knees to clean floor

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15
Q

caused by friction/pressure on tibial tuberosity (inferior to patella)

A

infrapatellar bursitis = “clergyman’s knee”

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16
Q

what is the name for the pad of tissue between a bone + tendon

A

bursa: ↓friction with movement

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17
Q

what is the name for the pad of tissue between bones

A

cartilage: ↓friction with movement

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18
Q

what is name for stretching ligaments too far and causing microtears

A

sprain

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19
Q

what is name for stretching muscle and possibly its tendon

A

strain

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20
Q

treatment for an ankle sprain

A 
RICE
Rest - no weight bearing, crutches
Ice - 20 minutes q 2 hrs for 1st 48 hrs
Compression - ACE bandage
Elevation - ↓swelling due to gravity
NSAIDs within 1st 48 hrs
ROM exercises: marbles with toes, circles with foot, trace alphabet
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21
Q

most common type of ankle sprain

A

lateral ankle sprain

22
Q

most common ligaments injured in ankle sprain (most common → more severe injury)

A

1) anterior talofibular liagment (ATFL - Always Tears First Ligament)
2) calcaneofibular ligament
3) posterior talofibular ligament

23
Q

medial ankle ligaments

A

deltoid ligament (rarely injured)

24
Q

name this condition:
heal pain beneath the calcaneus or in medial arch
local point tenderness at medial tubercle of calcaneus
worse with first steps in morning and after weight bearing
+/- heel spur on xray

A

plantar fasciitis

25
Q

plantar fascia attaches

A

calcaneus to proximal phalanges of each toe

26
Q

treatment of plantar fasciitis

A

can take 2 years to recover:
NSAID
dorsiflexion with night splints
stretching of plantar fascia and achilles tendon
OTC heel insert
local steroid injection
surgical release of plantar fascia in severe cases

27
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A 
SItS
Supraspinatous - most common rotator cuff injury
Infraspinatous
teres minor
Subscapularis
28
Q

action of supraspinatous m.

A

initiates first 15° of arm abduction (raise arm up from side of body) (before deltoid m.)

29
Q

action of infraspinatous m.

A

lateral rotation of arm (external rotation)

injured with pitching

30
Q

action of teres minor m.

A

lateral rotation of arm (external rotation)

adduction

31
Q

action of subscapularis m.

A

medial rotation of arm (internal rotation)

adduction

32
Q

test for supraspinatous m. function

A

empty can test
abduct to 90, 30 degrees of forward flexion, pronate arm with thumb to ground, add resistance to forearm
positive test: pain + weakness with resistance

33
Q

name the condition:
rotator cuff muscles + tendon + bursa trapped by acromion process during abduction
most commonly involves: subacromial bursa + supraspinatous tendon/muscle

A

shoulder impingement

34
Q

repetitive overhead activity (baseball pitch, tennis, swimming) can cause

A

shoulder impingement

35
Q

impingement between head of humerus + coracoacromial arch can cause

A

subacromial bursitis

36
Q

treatment of subacromial bursitis

A

NSAIDs

steroid injection in bursa

37
Q

name this condition:

head of humerus rotates out of glenoid cavity

A

dislocated shoulder

38
Q

name this condition:

clavicle separates from acromion and coracoid process of scapula

A

separated shoulder

39
Q

name the condition:
severe shoulder adhesions that lock the shoulder in place after disuse of shoulder (cast, splint) or prolonged immobilization
normal xray
arthrogram (inject dye in joint) shows constriction of joint capsule and loss of axillary + subscapularis spaces
common in >50 yo, women, diabetics

A

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

40
Q

treatment of adhesive capsulitis

A

can take 1 year to recover:
glenohumeral joint injection: ↓inflammation/adhesions
subacromial joint injection: ↓pain, ↑ ROM
heat + analgesia
PT to ↑ROM
break adhesions under anesthesia

41
Q

“popeye” lesion

A

biceps tendon rupture

42
Q

injury after lifting heavy item
can tear at elbow or shoulder
after injury: muscle bulge when contract

A

biceps tendon rupture

43
Q

treatment for biceps tendon rupture

A

older: still can function, no surgery
younger: limited function, need surgery

44
Q

↑fluid/inflammation over olecranon process on elbow

not tender

A

olecranon bursitis

inject needle to remove fluid

45
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

46
Q

punched someone with knuckles of clenched fist
tender anatomical snuff box
+/- normal xray

A

scaphoid racture

47
Q

complication of scaphoid fracture

A

avascular necrosis: presents with painful arthritis

blood supply to scaphoid is distal to proximal

48
Q

fall on outstretched hand causes

A

damage to hook of the hamate → ulnar nerve injury

49
Q

painless thickening/contraction of flexor tendon on palm of 1 or more fingers (ring finger - 4th finger most common)
may have family hx
>40 yo, male, alcoholism, diabetes, smoking

A

depuytren contracture

50
Q

treatment for depuytren contracture

A

radiation
inject with bacterial collagenase
definitive: surgery → PT

51
Q

repetitive wrist extension

A 
lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow")
wrist extensor tendon attached to elbow
52
Q

repetitive wrist flexion

A

medial epicondylitis (“golfers elbow”)

DIT topics (115 decks)

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