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DIT topics > play on words > Flashcards

play on words Flashcards

1
Q

week 4 embryogenesis

A

4 chamber heart

4 limb buds

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2
Q

week 8 embryogeneis

A

8 = GAIT (fetal movement)

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3
Q

week 10 embryogenesis

A

10 = PENis (sex genitalia)

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4
Q

Drugs that act on microtubles and interfere with function: Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly

A

Mebendazole (anti-helminthic): hookworm, tapeworm
Griseofulvin (anti-fungus): ringworm, nail fungus
Colchicine (anti-gout = anti-inflammation): inhibit phagocyte movement
Vincristine/Vinblastine: (anti-cancer): INHIBIT polymerization of MT, thus disrupt mitotic spindles →no mitosis
Paclitaxel (anti-cancer): STABILIZE MT, can’t break down → no mitosis

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5
Q

pro-apoptotic signal in intrinsic pathway

A

BAX = die = 3 words

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6
Q

anti-apoptotic signal in intrinsic pathway

A

Bcl-2 = live = 4 words

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7
Q

Alport Syndrome

A

can’t see
can’t pee
can’t hear a high C

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8
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

can’t see
can’t pee
can’t climb a tree

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9
Q

mesodermal defects = VACTERL

A 
Vertebral defects
Anal atresia
Cardiac defects
Trachea-Esophageal fistula
Renal defects
Limb defects (bone, muscle)
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10
Q

extraocular eye muscle CN’s

A

LR6SO4R3 (lateral rectus = 6, superior oblique = 4, rest = 3)

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11
Q

facial nerve branches (CN 7)

A 
Ten Zebras Bit My Chin
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
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12
Q

conditions that cause facial nerve (CN 7) palsy

A 
Lovely Bella Had An STD
Lyme's disease
Bell's palsy (idiopathic)
Herpes simplex/zoster - most common
AIDS
Sarcoidosis
Tumor
Diabetes
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13
Q

conditions that cause facial nerve palsy

A 
Lovely Bella Had An STD
Lyme's disease
Bell's palsy (idiopathic)
Herpes simplex/zoster - most common
AIDS
Sarcoidosis
Tumor
Diabetes
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14
Q

5 F’s of limbic system

A 
feeding
fleeing
fighting
feeling - emotions
fornication (sex)
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15
Q

what causes:
urinary incontinence
dementia - reversible
ataxia - magnets on feet

A 
normal pressure hydrocephalus:
Wet
Wacky
Wobbly
tx: shunt to remove excess CSF
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16
Q

most common brain tumors in adults

A 
MGM Studios
Mets
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Schwannoma
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17
Q

most common brain tumors in kids

A

Animal kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epcot
Astrocytoma - pilocytic
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma

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18
Q

sleep stages and EEG waves

A

BATS Drink Blood
Beta - awake (eyes open)
Alpha - awake (eyes closed)
Theta - Stage 1 NREM
Sleep spindles + K complexes - Stage 2 NREM (bruxism)
Delta - Stage 3 NREM (slow-wave sleep, sleepwalking, night terrors, bedwetting)
Beta - Stage 4 NREM (dreaming, erection, atonia)

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19
Q

symptoms of cholinergic excess

A 
DUMBBELSS (leaky state)
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation of skeletal muscle (nicotinic R, somatic nerve) + CNS (nicotinic R)
Lacrimation
Sweating (sweat glands controlled by sympathetic NS, muscarinic R)
Salivation
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20
Q

anticholinergics used to treat urge incontinence

A 
On The Darn Toilet
Oxybutynin
Tolterodine
Darifenacin and solifenacin
Trospium
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21
Q

symptoms of parasympathetic inhibition (anticholinergic/antimuscarinic effects of drugs)

A

Hot as a Hare: hyperpyrexia (not sweating - inhibit muscarinic R)
Red as a Beet: vasodilation - flushed
Blind as a Bat: cyloplegia (no accommodation), mydriasis
Dry as a Bone: no salvation
Mad as a Hatter: agitation, delerium (ELDERLY)
Bloated as a Toad - constipated, urinary retention
+ tachycardia

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22
Q

drugs that inhibit P450s

A 
CRACK AMIGOS 
Cimetidine
Ritonavir (ALL protease inhibitors - MOA is to inhibit P450s)
Amiodarone
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
ACUTE alcohol use
Macrolides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Omeprazole
Sulfonamides
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23
Q

what causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A 
MUD PILES
Methanol
U
D
P
I
L
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
S
24
Q

drugs eliminated by zero order elimination

A

PEA - round like “0”
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin (high or toxic concentration)

25
Q

features of tetrology of fallot

A

displacement of infundibular septum
IHOP
1) Interventricular septal defect = VSD
2) Hypertrophy - RVH (push against stenoic valve)
3) Overriding aorta (sits over VSD)
4) Pulmonic valve stenosis (RV outflow obstruction)

26
Q

R→L shunts

A 
5 T's
Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
Transposition of great vessels (2 vessels switched)
Tricuspid atresia (3 = Tri)
Tetrology of Fallot (4 defects = Tetra) (most common cause of early childhood cyanosis)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) (5 letters)
27
Q

signs of aortic stenosis

A

less blood to periphery per contraction → weak, delayed peripheral pulses
SAD: Syncope or Angina or Dyspnea (need valve replaced!)

28
Q

antiarrhythmic classes

A 
Some Block Potassium Channels
Some - Na (I)
Block - B Blocker (II)
Potassium - K (III)
Channels - Ca (IV)
29
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A 
SItS
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
teres minor
Subscapularis
30
Q

wrist bones

A 
proximal to distal
So Long To Pinky (ends with this pinky bone - ulnar), Here Comes The Thumb (ends with this thumb bone - radial)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
31
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies

A 
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease spondylitis
Reactive arthritis (reiter syndrome)
32
Q

reactive arthritis (reiter syndrome)

A

Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree
conjuncitivitis (or uveitis)
urtethritis (dysuria)
arthritis

33
Q

layers of the epidermis

A

Come’on Lets Get Sun Burnt
C - stratum Corneum (keratinocytes)
L - stratum Lucidum
G - stratum Granulosum
S - stratum Spinosum (spines = desmosomes)
B - stratum Basale (stem cells + melanocytes here)

34
Q

5 P’s of lichen Planus

A 
autoimmune skin disorder
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
Papules
Plaques
35
Q

pathway of sperm during ejaculation

A 
SEVEN UP
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens (cut with vasectomy)
Ejaculatory ducts (ends in prostatic urethra)
N -blank
Urethra (prostatic)
Penis
36
Q

mesonephric (wolffian) ducts develops into

A 
male internal structures IN PRESENCE OF TESTOSTERONE:
SEED (no prostate):
Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory ducts
Ductus deferens
37
Q

types of epithelial ovarian tumors

A 
Serious Epithelial Malignancies are Clearly Bad
Serous (most common type)
Endometroid
Mucinous
Clear cell
Brenner tumor
38
Q

22q11 microdeletion presentation

A

CATCH-22
Cleft palate
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia → T cell deficiency → lung + viral infections
Cardiac defects
Hypocalcemia secondary to parathyroid hypoplasia → tetany

39
Q

X-linked recessive disorders

A 
Oblivious Female Will Give Her Boys Her x-Linked Disorders
Ocular albinism
Fabry disease
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
G6PD deficiency
Hunter syndrome
Bruton agammaglobulinemia
Hemophilia A + B
Lesch Nyhan syndrome
Duchenne + becker MD
40
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A 
Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies
Escherichia coli (some strains)
**Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
**Neisseria meningitidis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
**Haemophilus influenza type B
Salmonella typhi
group B streptococcus
41
Q

HACEK organisms can cause endocarditis (G-)

A 
Haemophilus aphrophilus
actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
42
Q

maculopapular rash on palms and soles

A

you drive Kawasaki CARS with your hands and feet:
Kawasaki disease
Coxsackie A Virus (hand, foot, mouth disease)
Rocky Mountain Spotted
2° syphilis
and Meningococcus

43
Q

false positive VDRL or RPR (screening test that detects antibodies against cardiolipin)

A 
VDRL
Virus (EBV)
Drugs (IVDU)
Rheumatic fever
Lupus (all autoimmune diseases), Leprosy
Pregnancy
44
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A 
ATTENTion! Please Vaccinate Young Infants with MMR Regularly
Polio vaccine (oral, Sabin)
Varicella
Yellow fever
Intranasal influenza (infants)
MMR
Rotavirus
45
Q

differential diagnosis for eosinophilia

A

CANADA-P
Collagen vascular disease (polyarteritis nadosa, dermatomyositis)
Atopic disease (allergy, asthma, Churg-Strauss - assoc. with asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
Neoplasm
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)
Drugs (NSAIDs, penicillins, cephalosporins)
Acute interstitial nephritis (aka drug-induced nephritis, allergic interstial nephritis)
Parasites (strongyloides, ascaris → Loeffler eosinophilic pneumonitis)
other causes: HIV, hyper IgE syndrome, coccidoidomycosis

46
Q

function of IL-1 through IL-5

A

HOT T-BONE stEAK
IL-1: fever (HOT)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates BONE marrow
IL-4: stimulates Ig(E) and IgG production
IL-5: stimulates Ig(A) and production and stimulate eosinophils
IL-6: stimulates aKute phase protein production

47
Q

retroperitoneal structures (behind abdomen)

A 
A DUCK PEAR
Adrenal glands
Duodenum (2nd + 4th only)
Ureters 
Colon (descending + ascending only)
Kidneys
Pancreas (not tail)
Esophagus (below diaphragm - lower 2/3)
Aorta and IVC
Rectum
48
Q

carcinoid syndrome: occur if carcinoid tumor outside of GI tract

A 
BFDR
Bronchospasm
Flushing
Diarrhea
Right sided murmur (deposits in R sided valves) + edema, ascites (all = Right sided heart disease)
49
Q

4 drug treatment of TB

A 
RIPE
Rifampin
Iisoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
50
Q

causes of acute pancreatitis

A

PANCREATITIS
hyperParathyroidism causes ↑Ca
Alcohol (most common)
Neoplasm: pancreatic tumor obstructs ducts → enzymes eat itself
Cholelithiasis (galls stones - most common)
Rx (drugs): NRTIs for HIV, protease inhibitor for HIV: ritonavir, sulfa drugs
ERCP: inject contrast into pancreatic duct (retrograde flow)
Abdominal surgery
hyperTriglyceridemia
Infection (mumps)
Trauma
Idiopathic
Scorpion sting

51
Q

C’s of Huntington Disease

A 
CAG repeats on chrom 4
40 yo
cognitive decline
chorea
caudate atrophy
52
Q

treatment of pulmonary edema

A

NO LIP

Nitrates

53
Q

drugs to avoid if have sulfa allergy

A 
Sulfa Pills Frequently Cause Terrible Acute Symptoms:
Sulfasalzine
Sulfonamides: TMP-SMX
Probenecid
Furosemide (loop diuretic)
Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)
Thiazide diuretic/TMP-SMX
Acetazolamide (diuretic)
Sulfonylureas
54
Q

antibiotics/antiviral/antifungals to avoid in pregnancy

A

SAFe Children Take Really Good Care
Sulfonamides: kernicterus close to delivery
Aminoglycosides: ototoxicity
Fluoroquinolones: articular cartilage damage
Clarithromycin: embryotoxic
Tetracycline: discolored teeth, inhibit bone growth
Ribavirin (antiviral): teratogenic
Griseofluvin (antifungal): teratogenic
Chloramphenicol: gray baby syndrome
*Metronidazole: mutagenesis in first tri only

55
Q

most common causes of DIC

A 
STOP Making Thrombi
Sepsis (usually G-)
Trauma
Obstetric (amniotic fluid emboli, postpartum hemorrhage)
Pancreatitis 
Malignancy
Transfusion

DIT topics (115 decks)

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