FSG 1

Question 1

Which nucleus is heavily involved in taste processing?

Answer 1

solitary nucleus

Question 2

What are the 4 (overall) functions of cranial nerves?

Answer 2

1. motor to muscles (face, eyes, tongue, jaw, SCM, traps)
2. somatosensory (skin, face, TMJ)
3. special sensory info
4. parasympathetic regulation

Question 3

What parasympathetic inputs do CNs have?

Answer 3

• lens
• pupil
• HR
• BP
• breathing
• digestion

Question 4

optic parasympathetic innervation

Answer 4

• parasympathetic nucleus of CN3

- innervate pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

Question 5

optic parasympathetic innervation: outcomes

Answer 5

• regulation of pupil size

- curvature of lens (accommodation for near vision)

Question 6

facial nerve parasympathetic division

Where are cell bodies?
What is innervated?

Answer 6

cell bodies in superior salivary nucleus in medulla

• salivary glands
• nasal glands
• lacrimal glands

Question 7

Parasympathetics of vagus nerve: where?

Answer 7

• dorsal motor nucleus of 10

- nucleus ambiguus

Question 8

outcomes of vagus nerve parasympathetic activation

Answer 8

• decreased HR
• constriction of bronchi
• stimulation of digestion

Question 9

Which CNs have parasympathetic action?

Answer 9

• oculomotor
• facial
• glossopharyngeal
• vagus

Question 10

CN efferent of eye reflexes

Answer 10

oculomotor

Question 11

What goes along with the accommodation reflex?

Answer 11

eye adduction reflex (for close focus)

Question 12

Which fibers of the are the afferents for the blink reflex?

Answer 12

ophthalmic fibers of trigeminal nerve

Question 13

voluntary portion of oral phase of swallowing

Answer 13

• food moistened and chewed
• bolus formed
• tongue pushes it to back of throat

Question 14

What is the voluntary portion of the oral phase of swallowing controlled by?

Answer 14

cerebral cortex

Question 15

Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is stimulated by

Answer 15

• stimulation of tactile receptors in oral pharynx

- swallow reflex initiated

Question 16

Function of soft palate during swallowing

Answer 16

blocks entry to nasal cavity

Question 17

Function of tongue during swallowing

Answer 17

blocks oral cavity from backflow

Question 18

Function of vocal folds during swallowing

Answer 18

close to protect airway to lungs

Question 19

What happens to the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 19

pulled up with epiglottis to block trachea

Question 20

esophageal phase of swallowing

Answer 20

• food bolus propelled down the esophagus via peristalsis

- larynx returns back to original position

Question 21

Which brain area is involved in speech production?

Answer 21

• Broca’s area

- speech centers in cerebral cortex

Question 22

Which CNs are involved in speech production?

Answer 22

5
7
10
12

Question 23

Why are CNs not enough for speech production on their own?

Answer 23

Though you need 5, 7, 10, 12 for speech, you also MUST have the speech cortex

Question 24

What are CN 7 efferents controlled by?

Answer 24

• descending limbic pathways
• voluntary motor purpose
• reflexes

Question 25

descending motor pathways and CN 7 efferents

Answer 25

provide motor innervation for expression (genuine laugh when you hear something funny)

Question 26

Descending limbic pathways are (voluntary/involuntary)

Answer 26

involuntary

cannot control facial expressions or eye movements

Question 27

How can you tell someone is lying?

Answer 27

eyes go down and left

Question 28

control of eye movements

Answer 28

• voluntary

- involuntary

Question 29

speaking: voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 29

mostly voluntary, but can occur automatically in highly emotional contexts

Question 30

When brain damage interferes with voluntary speech, what may still happen? What causes this?

Answer 30

• can produce emotionally charged words (profanity)

- limbic system still functioning

Question 31

How do extreme emotions interfere with the ability to eat or speak?

Answer 31

activation of limbic pathways: influences motor activity