FSG 1 Flashcards
Which nucleus is heavily involved in taste processing?
solitary nucleus
What are the 4 (overall) functions of cranial nerves?
- motor to muscles (face, eyes, tongue, jaw, SCM, traps)
- somatosensory (skin, face, TMJ)
- special sensory info
- parasympathetic regulation
What parasympathetic inputs do CNs have?
- lens
- pupil
- HR
- BP
- breathing
- digestion
optic parasympathetic innervation
- parasympathetic nucleus of CN3
- innervate pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle
optic parasympathetic innervation: outcomes
- regulation of pupil size
- curvature of lens (accommodation for near vision)
facial nerve parasympathetic division
Where are cell bodies?
What is innervated?
cell bodies in superior salivary nucleus in medulla
- salivary glands
- nasal glands
- lacrimal glands
Parasympathetics of vagus nerve: where?
- dorsal motor nucleus of 10
- nucleus ambiguus
outcomes of vagus nerve parasympathetic activation
- decreased HR
- constriction of bronchi
- stimulation of digestion
Which CNs have parasympathetic action?
- oculomotor
- facial
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
CN efferent of eye reflexes
oculomotor
What goes along with the accommodation reflex?
eye adduction reflex (for close focus)
Which fibers of the are the afferents for the blink reflex?
ophthalmic fibers of trigeminal nerve
voluntary portion of oral phase of swallowing
- food moistened and chewed
- bolus formed
- tongue pushes it to back of throat
What is the voluntary portion of the oral phase of swallowing controlled by?
cerebral cortex
Pharyngeal phase of swallowing is stimulated by
- stimulation of tactile receptors in oral pharynx
- swallow reflex initiated
Function of soft palate during swallowing
blocks entry to nasal cavity
Function of tongue during swallowing
blocks oral cavity from backflow
Function of vocal folds during swallowing
close to protect airway to lungs
What happens to the larynx during swallowing?
pulled up with epiglottis to block trachea
esophageal phase of swallowing
- food bolus propelled down the esophagus via peristalsis
- larynx returns back to original position
Which brain area is involved in speech production?
- Broca’s area
- speech centers in cerebral cortex
Which CNs are involved in speech production?
5
7
10
12
Why are CNs not enough for speech production on their own?
Though you need 5, 7, 10, 12 for speech, you also MUST have the speech cortex
What are CN 7 efferents controlled by?
- descending limbic pathways
- voluntary motor purpose
- reflexes
descending motor pathways and CN 7 efferents
provide motor innervation for expression (genuine laugh when you hear something funny)
Descending limbic pathways are (voluntary/involuntary)
involuntary
cannot control facial expressions or eye movements
How can you tell someone is lying?
eyes go down and left
control of eye movements
- voluntary
- involuntary
speaking: voluntary or involuntary?
mostly voluntary, but can occur automatically in highly emotional contexts
When brain damage interferes with voluntary speech, what may still happen? What causes this?
- can produce emotionally charged words (profanity)
- limbic system still functioning
How do extreme emotions interfere with the ability to eat or speak?
activation of limbic pathways: influences motor activity
