3.7 PNS stuff Flashcards

1
Q

myopathy

A

pathology in muscle

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2
Q

neuropathy

A

nerve is damaged

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3
Q

fascicular plexus

A

conjunction of fascicles

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4
Q

issues associated with myopathy

A
  • muscle fiber degeneration

- motor unit problems: fiber isn’t getting input

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5
Q

What can be used to determine if it’s a myopathy or neuropathy?

A

EMG/NCV

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6
Q

What does EMG measure? What are the electrodes?

A

nerve activity

  • stimulating electrode
  • recording electrode
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7
Q

How is an EMG interpreted?

A

compare to established norms for nerve conduction speed

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8
Q

EMG below norm

A

neuropathy

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9
Q

EMG above norm

A

myopathy

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10
Q

purposes of botox injections

A
  • cosmetic reasons
  • migraines
  • spasticity
  • excessive sweating
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11
Q

How can botox help with migraines?

A

can be used to relax trigger points that may cause migraines

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12
Q

What do the issues addressed by botox have in common?

A
  • NMJ with motor end plates

- EVERY muscle fiber has a motor end plate

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13
Q

How does botox work?

A

inhibits ACH release at NMJ

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14
Q

botulism toxin: bacteria

A
  • anaerobic bacteria

- avoid bent cans that are puffy

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15
Q

What can happen with botulism infection?

A

systemic paralysis

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16
Q

mini endplate potential

A
  • something that happens at the NMJ that helps support muscle health
  • contributes to muscle tone
17
Q

What happens at each spike on a mini endplate potential?

A

one packet of ACH is released

18
Q

axonal regeneration speed

A

1-2 mm per day

19
Q

axonal regeneration (CNS/PNS)

A

happens in the PNS, not the CNS

20
Q

severance neuropathy

A

axon is severed

21
Q

severance neuropathy: proximal stump

A
  • axonal sprouts grow out toward the distal stump

- intact cell body

22
Q

What must be the case for regeneration to occur?

A

the cell body MUST be intact

23
Q

What happens when there’s a nerve injury?

A

get immune cell recruitment to clear debris left over

24
Q

What special chemicals do Schwann cells secrete?

A
  • chaemotactic factors

- neurotrophic factors

25
Q

chaemotactic factors

A

promotes growth and helps axon guidance to the correct distal stump

26
Q

neurotrophic factors

A

growth factors in neurons

27
Q

Why is the CNS not permissive to regeneration?

A
  • no growth factors secreted by glia

- chemotactic factors help with NEW neuronal growth, not regeneration

28
Q

injury to CNS

A
  • glial cells push end feet into the injury and creates a scar (glial scar)
  • axons cannot grow through a glial scar