01_Coloring Packet 2

Question 1

two layers of dura mater in the cranium

Answer 1

• periosteal layer

- meningeal layer

Question 2

periosteal layer

Answer 2

lines inner aspect of skull

Question 3

meningeal layer

Answer 3

• in close contact with arachnoid mater

- continuous with spinal dura

Question 4

CSF fills

Answer 4

subarachnoid space

Question 5

How does CSF gain access to brain and spinal cord?

Answer 5

• circulates through ventricles
• goes through lateral and median apertures into subarachnoid space
• flows around and over brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What secretes CSF?

Answer 6

choroid plexus

Question 7

What absorbs CSF?

Answer 7

arachnoid granulations

Question 8

What are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 8

• tufts of arachnoid mater that extend through a layer of split dura
• forms 1 way valve that delivers CSF into venous blood of the sinus

Question 9

What is a lumbar puncture?

Answer 9

• spinal tap

- needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar cistern

Question 10

lumbar cistern

Answer 10

midline between L3-L4 or L4-L5

Question 11

epidural space

Answer 11

space above dura mater

Question 12

How do epidural anesthetics work?

Answer 12

• directly anesthetizes nerve fibers of cauda equina

Question 13

Where is the gray matter of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 13

surface of the brain

Question 14

Which spinal cord levels have a larger amount of gray matter?

Answer 14

those associated with limb innervation

• C5-T1
• L1-S4

Question 15

spinal cord white matter from cranial to caudal

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

What are the white matter funiculi in the spinal cord?

Answer 16

• dorsal
• lateral
• anterior

Question 17

tactile discrimination from the leg conveyed in

Answer 17

fasciculus gracilis

Question 18

tactile discrimination from the arm conveyed in

Answer 18

fasciculus cuneatus

Question 19

lower motor neurons

Answer 19

innervate skeletal muscle

Question 20

lesions of lower motor neurons

Answer 20

• loss of voluntary and reflex responses
• atrophy
• fibrillation
• fasciculations

Question 21

fasciculation

Answer 21

brief contractions of muscle motor units

Question 22

upper motor neurons

Answer 22

neurons at higher levels in the CNS that send axons either to the brainstem or spinal cord

Question 23

lesions of upper motor neurons

Answer 23

• spastic paralysis
• hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes
• clonus
• lack of muscle atrophy (except by disuse)

Question 24

ALS

Answer 24

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 25

What is ALS?

Answer 25

• progressive and fatal

- degeneration of motor neurons in cranial nerves and anterior horns of spinal cord