01_Coloring Packet 2 Flashcards
two layers of dura mater in the cranium
- periosteal layer
- meningeal layer
periosteal layer
lines inner aspect of skull
meningeal layer
- in close contact with arachnoid mater
- continuous with spinal dura
CSF fills
subarachnoid space
How does CSF gain access to brain and spinal cord?
- circulates through ventricles
- goes through lateral and median apertures into subarachnoid space
- flows around and over brain and spinal cord
What secretes CSF?
choroid plexus
What absorbs CSF?
arachnoid granulations
What are arachnoid granulations?
- tufts of arachnoid mater that extend through a layer of split dura
- forms 1 way valve that delivers CSF into venous blood of the sinus
What is a lumbar puncture?
- spinal tap
- needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar cistern
lumbar cistern
midline between L3-L4 or L4-L5
epidural space
space above dura mater
How do epidural anesthetics work?
- directly anesthetizes nerve fibers of cauda equina
Where is the gray matter of the cerebral cortex?
surface of the brain
Which spinal cord levels have a larger amount of gray matter?
those associated with limb innervation
- C5-T1
- L1-S4
spinal cord white matter from cranial to caudal
decreases
What are the white matter funiculi in the spinal cord?
- dorsal
- lateral
- anterior
tactile discrimination from the leg conveyed in
fasciculus gracilis
tactile discrimination from the arm conveyed in
fasciculus cuneatus
lower motor neurons
innervate skeletal muscle
lesions of lower motor neurons
- loss of voluntary and reflex responses
- atrophy
- fibrillation
- fasciculations
fasciculation
brief contractions of muscle motor units
upper motor neurons
neurons at higher levels in the CNS that send axons either to the brainstem or spinal cord
lesions of upper motor neurons
- spastic paralysis
- hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes
- clonus
- lack of muscle atrophy (except by disuse)
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
