Exam 2 Study Guide 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overall role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum?

A

adjust activity in descending UMNs

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2
Q

What are the BG and cerebellum influenced by?

A
  • pathways that run through thalamus to different areas

- direct connections with UMNs

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3
Q

What structures are included in the BG?

A
  • caudate
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • STN
  • SN
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4
Q

lentiform nucleus

A

globus pallidus + putamen (shaped like a broad, solid cone)

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5
Q

striatum

A

putamen + caudate

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6
Q

What structure does dopamine come from?

A

SNpc

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7
Q

What does dopamine come from (specifically)

A
  • neuromelanin

- expressed in dopaminergic and cholinergic cells in the brain

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8
Q

What are the output nuclei of the BG?

A
  • SNpr

- GPi

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9
Q

How does the BG affect LMNs?

A

no direct output

  1. BG » thalamus » UMN tracts in cortex
  2. BG » PPN » reticulospinal tracts
  3. BG » midbrain » reticulospinal tracts
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10
Q

What happens with stimulation of PPN?

A

regulation of postural muscle contractions

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11
Q

Which NT is used to produce excitation in the striatum?

A

glutamate

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12
Q

What NT adjusts signals to BG output nuclei

A

dopamine from SNpc (to striatum)

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13
Q

importane of dopamine acting on BG output nuclei

A
  • provide appropriate level of inhibition

- affect voluntary muscles, postural and girdle muscles, walking

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14
Q

BG: receives input from premotor and motor cortex

A

putamen

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15
Q

BG: processes info within BG circuit

A
  • STN

- SNpc

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16
Q

BG: sends output to motor areas of cerebral cortex via motor thalamus, PPN, and midbrain locomotor region

17
Q

“other” roles of BG

A
  • oculomotor
  • executive
  • behavioral flexibility and control
  • libic
18
Q

blood supply: SN and STN

A

perforating branches of

  • posterior cerebral artery
  • posterior communicating artery
19
Q

blood supply: striatum

A

perforating branches of MCA (lenticulostriate arteries)

20
Q

blood supply: globus pallidus

A

anterior choroidal artery (branch of internal carotid)

21
Q

blood supply: caudate

A

branch of anterior cerebral artery (medial striate)

22
Q

blood supply: thalamus

A

posterior cerebral artery

23
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

helps control

  • equilibrium
  • gross movements of limbs
  • fine movements
24
Q

vestibulocerebellum has to do with

25
spinocerebellum has to do with
gross movements
26
cerebrocerebellum has to do with
finer control
27
What arteries supply blood to the cerebellum?
- SCA - AICA - PICA
28
purpose of cerebellar peduncles
transmit info to and from the cerebellum
29
What transmits info from the pons to the cerebellum?
middle peduncle
30
What transmits info from the SC and brainstem to the cerebellum?
inferior peduncle
31
What transmits info to the red nucleus and thalamus from the cerebellum?
superior peduncle (contralateral side)