Exam 2 Study Guide 3

Question 1

What is the overall role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum?

Answer 1

adjust activity in descending UMNs

Question 2

What are the BG and cerebellum influenced by?

Answer 2

• pathways that run through thalamus to different areas

- direct connections with UMNs

Question 3

What structures are included in the BG?

Answer 3

• caudate
• putamen
• globus pallidus
• STN
• SN

Question 4

lentiform nucleus

Answer 4

globus pallidus + putamen (shaped like a broad, solid cone)

Question 5

striatum

Answer 5

putamen + caudate

Question 6

What structure does dopamine come from?

Answer 6

SNpc

Question 7

What does dopamine come from (specifically)

Answer 7

• neuromelanin

- expressed in dopaminergic and cholinergic cells in the brain

Question 8

What are the output nuclei of the BG?

Answer 8

• SNpr

- GPi

Question 9

How does the BG affect LMNs?

Answer 9

no direct output

1. BG » thalamus » UMN tracts in cortex
2. BG » PPN » reticulospinal tracts
3. BG » midbrain » reticulospinal tracts

Question 10

What happens with stimulation of PPN?

Answer 10

regulation of postural muscle contractions

Question 11

Which NT is used to produce excitation in the striatum?

Answer 11

glutamate

Question 12

What NT adjusts signals to BG output nuclei

Answer 12

dopamine from SNpc (to striatum)

Question 13

importane of dopamine acting on BG output nuclei

Answer 13

• provide appropriate level of inhibition

- affect voluntary muscles, postural and girdle muscles, walking

Question 14

BG: receives input from premotor and motor cortex

Answer 14

putamen

Question 15

BG: processes info within BG circuit

Answer 15

• STN

- SNpc

Question 16

BG: sends output to motor areas of cerebral cortex via motor thalamus, PPN, and midbrain locomotor region

Answer 16

GPi

Question 17

“other” roles of BG

Answer 17

• oculomotor
• executive
• behavioral flexibility and control
• libic

Question 18

blood supply: SN and STN

Answer 18

perforating branches of

• posterior cerebral artery
• posterior communicating artery

Question 19

blood supply: striatum

Answer 19

perforating branches of MCA (lenticulostriate arteries)

Question 20

blood supply: globus pallidus

Answer 20

anterior choroidal artery (branch of internal carotid)

Question 21

blood supply: caudate

Answer 21

branch of anterior cerebral artery (medial striate)

Question 22

blood supply: thalamus

Answer 22

posterior cerebral artery

Question 23

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 23

helps control

• equilibrium
• gross movements of limbs
• fine movements

Question 24

vestibulocerebellum has to do with

Answer 24

balance

Question 25

spinocerebellum has to do with

Answer 25

gross movements

Question 26

cerebrocerebellum has to do with

Answer 26

finer control

Question 27

What arteries supply blood to the cerebellum?

Answer 27

• SCA
• AICA
• PICA

Question 28

purpose of cerebellar peduncles

Answer 28

transmit info to and from the cerebellum

Question 29

What transmits info from the pons to the cerebellum?

Answer 29

middle peduncle

Question 30

What transmits info from the SC and brainstem to the cerebellum?

Answer 30

inferior peduncle

Question 31

What transmits info to the red nucleus and thalamus from the cerebellum?

Answer 31

superior peduncle (contralateral side)