3.21 Spinal Region Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do radicular arteries arise from?

A

thoracic and abdominal aortae

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2
Q

Each radicular artery gives rise to

A

one spinal artery (anterior spinal artery)

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3
Q

What happens to the 2 anterior spinal arteries?

A
  • fuse and run in anterior median fissure

- run the entire length of SC

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4
Q

What supplies the anterior 2/3 of the SC?

A

branches of anterior spinal arteries

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5
Q

What supplies the posterior 1/3 of SC?

A

PICA

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6
Q

What happens to the PICA to supply the SC?

A

PICA
» 2 posterior spinal arteries
» proceed along dorsal rootlet attachments

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7
Q

Where are the dorsal rootlet attachments?

A

in posterolateral sulci

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8
Q

Does fusion occur with posterior blood supply?

A

nope

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9
Q

T12 significance with SC blood supply

A
  • great radicular artery

- supplies lumbosacral in addition to everything else

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10
Q

How does venous drainage occur?

A
  • via radicular veins

- drains into epidural venous plexus

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11
Q

functions of SC

A
  • exchanging info from other segments via columns

- exchanging info from periphery

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12
Q

What is the “key” to SC that helps with modulation?

A

interneurons

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13
Q

3 things interneurons help with

A
  • stepping pattern generators
  • reflexes
  • inhibitory circuits
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14
Q

function of inhibitory circuits

A

modulation of fine motor activity

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15
Q

What is a stepping pattern generator a subtype of?

A

central pattern generator

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16
Q

What do stepping pattern generators do?

A

help keep normal cadence/rhythm when you walk

17
Q

stepping pattern generators in lower thoracic/lumbar regions

A

help with locomotion

18
Q

stepping pattern: external stimulation

A

electrically stimulating LMNs

- no cortical input necessary

19
Q

What produces stepping pattern generators?

A

SC

20
Q

initial decision to move comes from

A

motor cortex

motor planning regions

21
Q

adaptability of stepping pattern generators to different scenarios (ex.)

A

think feet on treadmills going different directions

22
Q

Are stepping pattern generators sufficient for walking? Why or why not?

A
  • no

- higher neural control for purposeful movements

23
Q

What is necessary for activation of interneuron circuits for stepping pattern?

A

UMN activation

24
Q

overall action of UMN with step pattern

A

fires to both flexor and extensor motor neurons

  • extensors contract
  • flexors inhibited

reciprocal inhibition

25
Q

Interneuron activity in stepping pattern

A
  • causes reciprocal inhibition
  • get a refractory period
  • cycle repetition
26
Q

refractory period of interneurons: implication

A
  • flexors now free to contract because they aren’t getting inhibition
  • inhibition of extensors happen now as well
27
Q

UMN contribution to walking

A
  • doesn’t have to act much

- initial firing due to decision made

28
Q

How does sensory input come into play with stepping pattern gen?

A

GTO helps with proprioception and appropriate level of firing of LMN to muscles

29
Q
  • inhibition of antagonist

- activation of agonist

A

reciprocal inhibition

30
Q
  • inhibition of agonist

- activation of antagonist

A

recurrent inhibition

31
Q

When might reciprocal inhibition fail to occur?

A

when anxious (makes you really tired!)

32
Q

What cells allow recurrent inhibition?

A

Renshaw cells

33
Q

What are Renshaw cells?

A
  • branches of alpha motor neurons

- feed back and inhibit themselves

34
Q

Renshaw cells and inhibition: example

A
  • playing piano and fine motor control

- keeps from overshooting notes

35
Q

reciprocal and recurrent inhibition work _______

A

simultaneously