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7303 Neuroanatomy > 3.19 Spinal Region 3 > Flashcards

3.19 Spinal Region 3 Flashcards

1
Q

syndrome

A

collection of s/s that don’t indicate a specific cause

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2
Q

anterior cord syndrome interferes with

A
  • pain sensation
  • temp sensation
  • motor control
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3
Q

central cord syndrome: small lesion

A

loss of pain and temp at lesion level

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4
Q

central cord syndrome: large lesion

A

UE motor function impaired

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5
Q

Brown-Séquard syndrome: ipsilateral

A
  • voluntary motor
  • conscious proprioception
  • discriminative touch
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6
Q

Brown-Séquard syndrome: contralateral

A

pain and temperature sensation

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7
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A
  • sensory impairment

- flaccid paresis or paralysis of LE muscles, bladder, and bowels

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8
Q

tethered cord syndrome causes:

A
  • low back and LE pain
  • difficulty walking
  • excessive lordosis
  • scoliosis
  • bowel/bladder control issues
  • foot deformities
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9
Q

spinal cord syndromes often caused by:

A

tumors

trauma

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10
Q

Damage by MVA, sports injuries, and falls usually have one or more of these effects on the SC

A
  • crush
  • hemorrhage
  • edema
  • infarction
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11
Q

What injury type results in severed neurons?

A

penetrating wounds

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12
Q

spinal shock

A
  • immediately after traumatic injury to cord

- cord functions below lesion are depressed or lost

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13
Q

spinal shock due to

A

interruption of descending tracts that supply tonic facilitation to SC neurons

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14
Q

What is lost/impaired during spinal shock?

A
  • somatic reflexes
  • autonomic reflexes
  • autonomic regulation
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15
Q

spinal shock: somatic reflexes lost include

A
  • stretch reflexes
  • withdrawal reflexes
  • crossed extension reflexes
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16
Q

spinal shock: autonomic reflexes lost include

A
  • smooth muscle tone

- reflexive emptying of bowel/bladder

17
Q

spinal shock: result of loss in autonomic regulation of BP

A

hypotension

18
Q

What happens several weeks post SCI? (spinal shock)

A

most get some recovery of SC function

» return of reflex activity below lesion

19
Q

stretch reflex hyperreflexia

A

In some people, spina neurons become excessively excitable

20
Q

Why does hyperreflexia develop?

A

neuroplasticity produces new synapses in the reflex pathway

21
Q

chronic SCI

A

neurologic deficit is stable

22
Q

abn interneuron activities in chronic SCI

A
  1. inhibitory interneuron responses to type Ia afferent activity is diminished
  2. transmission from cutaneous afferents to LMN is facilitated
23
Q

What does inhibitory interneuron activity diminished in chronic SCI correlate with?

A

hyperreflexia

24
Q

Why are LMNs facilitated in chronic SCI?

A

loss of descending inhibition

25
Q

complete SCI

A

no sacral sparing

26
Q

incomplete SCI

A

preservation and/or motor function in lowest sacral segment

27
Q

Loss of descending sympathetic control with lesions above T6 results in 3 dysfunctions

A
  • autonomic dysreflexia
  • poor thermoregulation
  • orthostatic hypotension
28
Q

compensation for poor regulation

A

excessive sweating above lesion level

29
Q

Why do people with complete lesions over T6 level avoid exposure to high temperatures?

A

risk of heat stroke

30
Q

signs of heat stroke

A
  • high body temp
  • rapid pulse
  • dry, flushed skin
31
Q

signs of hypothermia

A
  • irritability
  • mental confusion
  • hallucinations
  • lethargy
  • clumsiness
  • slow respiration
  • slow HR
32
Q

orthostatic hypotension =

A

≥ 20 mmHg fall in systolic or ≥ 10 mmHg fall in diastolic BP going from lying down to upright

33
Q

Why does orthostatic hypotension happen in SCI pts?

A
  • no sympathetic vasoconstriction

- no muscle pumping action for blood return

34
Q

barriers to regeneration following SCI

A
  • oligodendrocytes
  • glial scars
  • decreased growth rate of mature neurons
35
Q

functional losses not due to original trauma occur because of

A
  • bleeding
  • edema
  • ischemia
  • pain
  • inflammation
36
Q

typical complications after SCI

A
  • UTI
  • spasticity
  • fever/chills
  • pressure ulcers
  • autonomic dysreflexia
  • contractures
  • pneumonia
  • heterotopic ossification
37
Q

What can protect against UTI and pneumonia?

A

upright posture

38
Q

What can help prevent decubiti and contractures?

A

mobility

7303 Neuroanatomy (69 decks)

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