2.25 Motor SC 4

Question 1

pathological reflexes

Answer 1

• Babinski
• flexion
• clasp-knife
• clonus

Question 2

Where do UMNs come from?

Answer 2

• either cortex or brainstem

- travel down to spinal cord to segment they innervate where they synapse with either interneurons or LMN

Question 3

medial UMN tracts modulate

Answer 3

voluntary movements

Question 4

medial UMN tracts

Answer 4

• reticulospinal
• medial vestibulospinal
• lateral vestibulospinal
• medial corticospinal aka anterior corticospinal tract

Question 5

reticulospinal tract

Answer 5

• bilateral LMN innervating postural and gross limb movement
• coordination of all limbs while walking
• anticipatory postural adjustments

Question 6

reticulospinal begins here

Answer 6

reticular formation of brainstem

Question 7

medial vestibulospinal tract

Answer 7

• receives info from vestibular apparatus in the ear
• efferent starts in upper medulla and projects to cervical and thoracic spine
• controls neck and upper back muscles

Question 8

lateral vestibulospinal

Answer 8

• receive info from vestibular apparatus in the ear

- efferent facilitates LMNs to extensors

Question 9

How does the lateral vestibulospinal facilitate LMNs to extensors?

Answer 9

keeps COG over base of support

Question 10

medial corticospinal AKA anterior corticospinal tract

Answer 10

• direct connection from cerebral cortex to spinal cord

- begins in motor cortex, travels to spinal cord through medullary pyramids (brainstem)

Question 11

medial corticospinal tract decussation

Answer 11

does not cross

• innervates LMNs to ipsilateral neck, shoulder, and trunk
• descends in ventral funiculus

Question 12

most important pathway controlling voluntary movements

Answer 12

lateral UMNs

Question 13

Path of voluntary movements begin in cortex in motor planning areas. Where does it go from here?

Answer 13

• axons travel in internal capsule and cerebral peduncles
• through pons/medulla (in medullary pyramids)
• cross at pyramidal decussation
• synapse with LMN on opposite side

Question 14

arrangement of corticospinal tracts

Answer 14

somatotopically arranged

Question 15

tract that allows you to get information through cranial nerves into face

Answer 15

corticospinal brainstem tracts (corticobulbar tracts)

Question 16

corticobulbar go here

Answer 16

• begin in motor homunculus

- through brainstem through cranial nerves to face

Question 17

corticobulbar tracts important for

Answer 17

facial expression, swallowing, chewing, talking, etc.