4.11 Brainstem Class Notes Flashcards
1
Q
neuromodulators
A
- almost always slower
- released upstream of the axon terminal
2
Q
neurotransmitters
A
- fast or slow acting
- released from the presynaptic membrane
3
Q
flat affect in schizos
A
- too much dopamine being released from SN
- dopamine thought to underlie affect
4
Q
Which CNs come off the midbrain?
A
3
4
5
Q
Which CNs come off the pons?
A
5
6
7
8
6
Q
Which CNs come off the medulla?
A
9-12
7
Q
anterior (basilar) brainstem
A
motor (ventral)
8
Q
middle (tegmentum) function
A
- CN function
- sensory integration
- reticular formation
9
Q
posterior (tectum) function
A
reflexive movements of eyes and head
10
Q
tracts that begin in the brainstem
A
- rubrospinal
- reticulospinal
- vestibulospinal
- raphespinal
- ceruleospinal
11
Q
What is the “core” of the brainstem?
A
reticular formation
12
Q
RF contains
A
- reticular nucleu
- ascending & descending reticular pathways
13
Q
3 major functions of RF
A
- integration of sensory/cortical
- modulation of nociception
- regulation of consciousness, motor, autonomic
14
Q
4 RF nuclei
A
- ventral tegmental area (VTA)
- PPN
- Raphe nuclei
- Locus ceruleus
15
Q
The RF nuclei use (NT/NM)
A
neuromodulators
16
Q
VTA uses this NM
A
dopamine
17
Q
function of VTA
A
- reward center
- motivation
- decision making
18
Q
targets of VTA
A
- ventral striatum
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- prefrontal cortex
