4.11 Brainstem Class Notes Flashcards
neuromodulators
- almost always slower
- released upstream of the axon terminal
neurotransmitters
- fast or slow acting
- released from the presynaptic membrane
flat affect in schizos
- too much dopamine being released from SN
- dopamine thought to underlie affect
Which CNs come off the midbrain?
3
4
Which CNs come off the pons?
5
6
7
8
Which CNs come off the medulla?
9-12
anterior (basilar) brainstem
motor (ventral)
middle (tegmentum) function
- CN function
- sensory integration
- reticular formation
posterior (tectum) function
reflexive movements of eyes and head
tracts that begin in the brainstem
- rubrospinal
- reticulospinal
- vestibulospinal
- raphespinal
- ceruleospinal
What is the “core” of the brainstem?
reticular formation
RF contains
- reticular nucleu
- ascending & descending reticular pathways
3 major functions of RF
- integration of sensory/cortical
- modulation of nociception
- regulation of consciousness, motor, autonomic
4 RF nuclei
- ventral tegmental area (VTA)
- PPN
- Raphe nuclei
- Locus ceruleus
The RF nuclei use (NT/NM)
neuromodulators
VTA uses this NM
dopamine
function of VTA
- reward center
- motivation
- decision making
targets of VTA
- ventral striatum
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- prefrontal cortex
ventral striatum is associated with
pleasure and reward
hippocampus is associated with
memory
amygdala is associated with
- emotion
- conversion to long-term memories
No dopamine in prefrontal cortex »
flat affect
NM for PPN
acetylcholine
function of PPN
influences movement (sp. postural muscles)
